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THE EFFECTS
OF BROKEN HOME ON PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This
research work investigated the effects of broken home on psychological
adjustment of secondary school students in Abeokuta South Local Government Area
of Ogun State. This research work employed the use of questionnaire in
gathering data for analysis and it consist of the following item, school of the
respondents, age, sex, class, religion. Data is presented in tables and
frequencies while percentage was used to analyse. From the analysis children
from broken home do lack affection, involved in delinquent behaviours and
always hostile and aggressive, and do not perform well academically. And more
so, single mother and father affect the children educational outcome. With the
result obtained and fact finding highlight families and the causes of with whom
children live have more impacts on children’s educational achievement. In
conclusion, it was recommended that children from single parent family or
broken homes, should be encouraged on three basic dimension of self esteem
namely sense of belonging, sense of worth and sense of competence. They need
positive change for the overall adjustment. Also parents should tolerate,
accommodate, appreciate and understand each other in marriage so as to curb the
effects on children’s future. Both parent should try to stay together for the
sake of good upbringing of their children, when ever there is problem in the
home, the couple should seek God’s direction and a good counsellor for help or
otherwise, settle the problem within themselves amicably.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The academic performance of
students in schools is a product of many factors which are:
(i) Home
(ii) The quality of teachers
(iii) The availability of learning materials
(iv) The willingness of the learner.
But the most important of them all
is the “HOME”. All over the world, Nigeria in particular education has been
accorded a place of pride because it is the means through which the cultures of
different societies are transmitted from one generation to another.
Imogie (2002) says that one of the
factors affecting standard of education in the country is single parenthood and
broken homes which has had serious effect on many students nationwide.
In Nigeria today, broken home is a
great problem and it occurs in a situation whereby couples are not able to cope
with each other. It may be as a result of financial constraint or
incompatibility of their behaviours. Hence the child live with either of the
parents. In order to make ends meet, the parent will not be at home most of the
time. The child is deprived of love and affection and parents’ enlightenment
and motivation on how to go about things.
The family in this situation
becomes less important as an educating agent, where the parent who has the
custody of the child will have to remarry, the child may not be acceptable by
the step-parent, such a child becomes a liability instead of an asset. The
child maybe maltreated in various forms i.e. inadequate food and money to
schools and will therefore be exposed to social ills. Broken home are being
experiences by all categories of students either high, middle and low
socio-economic.
It is worthy to note that majority
of high school students in the country who got poor grades in their academic
subjects came from broken home. Some of them were not just having poor academic
performance but instead they let themselves be retained at their year level
after dropping out their respective subject.
There are so many factors that
causes broken home which are:
(i) Financial factors
(ii) Socio-economic background
(iii) Wrong choice of partners
(iv) External interference
(v) Lack of love
(vi) Promiscuity
(vii) Infertility
(viii) Polygamy
· Wrong choice of partner:
This is when both partners always regret marrying each other the only language
they understand is disagreement.
· External interference: This
is very common, those days many broken homes today are caused by interference
of external body.
· Lack of love: This is one
of the major reasons why many couple have fallen apart today love they say does
not fade. The truth is that when one of the spouses had found a new love
elsewhere him/her become desperate and start looking for means to breakup.
In the same way, we have so many
effects of broken home on psychological adjustment of secondary school students
which are:
1) Broken home can make a child
insecure in the sense that he can no longer have a complete family. In a
child’s mind, a family is composed of father, mother and children. And living
without either his/her father or mother will create fear and insecurity in
him/her. This insecurity will even be much if he is around his friends who are
living a normal and complete life. This is especially true in school activities
that involve the parents and seeing things like this will even make him feel
ashamed of his family situation.
2) The insecurity, self-doubt and lack of
confidence in a child can eventually make him disinterested in school more
often those who are out of school are products of broken home.
3) Although, lets say one parent
is still guiding his child, sometime the traumatic effect of a broken home is
just too much for a child to handle that he may even loose interest in life
itself.
4) Sometimes a child reaction on
his parents’ announcement of divorce is not visible. He bears the pain, shock
and anger. This in turn makes him vulnerable (exposed to the possibility of
being attacked) to anger depression, revenge, crimes, drugs and so on too much
depression, alcohol addiction and drug dependency, if left untreated can lead
to more serious psychological problem i.e. mental illness. He may even attempt
to kill himself if he can no longer handle all the misfortune which he thinks
is killing him gradually.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This research study aimed at
exploring the academic performance of secondary school students that are from
broken homes, likewise it will find out the effect of broken home on
psychological adjustment of secondary school students in Abeokuta South Local
Government Area. It will also provide solution to the problems raised in the
work.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1) Does the number of children in
a family affect the psychology adjustment of some students in secondary
schools?
2) What is the difference in the
academic performance between children from intact, separated and divorced
families?
3) To what extent does broken
home affect psychological adjustment of students?
4) Does widowhood affect the
student’s psychological adjustment?
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purposes
of this study are as follows:
(i) To identify and discuss the types of
broken home.
(ii) To highlight the effect of broken home
on psychological adjustment.
(iii) To highlight the academic performance of
secondary school students broken homes.
(iv) To highlight the challenges of students
from broken homes in their academic achievements.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is
expected that the result obtained from this study apart from identifying the
effect of broken home on psychological adjustment of students will also be of
great value to the curriculum planner and teachers since this study tends to
look at the effect of broken home on psychological adjustment of secondary
school students and the way out in bringing about positive changes in the
student academic performance. This study is also expected to draw the attention
of educator, parent and government to the need of broken home reduction.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This
research work is limited to investigate the effect of broken home on
psychological adjustment of secondary school students in Abeokuta South Local
Government Area.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Broken Home:
A family that no longer live together because the parents are divorced or
separated in which children lack proper security.
Psychological:
Is an academic and applied discipline that involve the scientific study of
human behaviours and mental processes.
Adjustment:
Regulating adapting or setting in a variety of contexts on the act of adjusting
something to match and standard.
Single
Parenthood: Is a situation whereby one of those parent is no longer in union
that produce the child or children.
Widowhood:
Is the disruption of marriage due to the death of the spouse, in a source of
great emotional pain and stress.
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