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TEACHER’S
MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education is
a process, formal or informal which enlightens, build and develop both the body
and mind and consequently using all available resource in the most prudent way
to make the educated man most useful to himself the society and the nation at
large (Uka 2005) in essence education is seen as a mean of rearing and
nurturing the individual to grow and acquire skill, knowledge attitude and
valve which effectives initiate him into his culture. As he grows through life ,such and individual
employs the use of his head, his heart and his hand to think, to love, to work, and develop
himself fully for his own good and that of his society. He thus recognized as a
good citizen. This mean that education performs important function in any society
whether simple or complex the function which is according to Akinade (2006) is
political, economical, and social and cultural. The educational institution is
regarded as a school and a miniature of the society. Therefore, the curriculum
of the formal education is developed to cater for the society need in all
ramifications within which the education is taking place that is the political,
economic, social and cultural need of the society will be incorporated in the
educational curriculum of the society.
Bringing
this nearer home, the western education was brought to Nigeria by the Christian
missionaries in 1984.Their aim then for introducing education in Nigeria could
be regarded as essentially evangelistic .Then, the colonial government took
over the control of education from the Christian missionaries with the aim of
making the colonial administration successful in Nigeria. However , after
independence in 1960, the colonial perspectives philosophy and objectives of
Nigerian education changed drastically and then tailored along the needs of
Nigeria society .Hence Nigeria education now aims at achieving the five main
national objective as stated in the second National Development Plan and
National Policy on Education (1989) which are the building of ,
- A free and democratic society.
- A just and egalitarian society.
- A united strong and self-reliant nation.
- A land of bright and full opportunities for
all citizens.
(National
policy on education 1998)
In realizing
the above stated national objective the educational aims and objective will be
design as follows,
- The inculcation of national
consciousness and national unity.
- The inculcation of the right types
of values and attitudes for the survival of the individual and the Nigerian
society.
- The training of the mind in the
understanding of the world around and
- The acquisition of appropriate
skill, abilities and competencies both mental and physical as equipment for the
individual to live in and contribute to the development of his society.
(N.P.C.1998 Page 7-8).
In Nigeria
society education is saddled with the task of national development in all it
ramification social, economic political and cultural. Therefore the Nigerian
society makes larger input into its educational system .Such input include
human resources that is teaching and non-teaching staff, money ,the student,
buildings ,books, equipment and all other necessary materials resources all of
which are properly organized to process the student so as to bring about the intended changes in
the behavior of the student. In a more lucid form, we are to agree that society
makes input into educational system in terms of students ,teaching staff ,non
teaching staff ,financial faculties, equipment ,content all of which are
processed to produce output which are the educated school leavers that are
better trained and acquired to be useful to themselves and the society with
right values ,attitudes and skills.
For
educational goals to be achieved there should be certain groups of people in
the society who are expected to play their roles in educating the citizens and
they include ,the government ,parents, teachers, schools and students
respectively. Inspire of shifts the blame of the low standard of education only
on the teachers and to avoid this blame, teachers are to be committed to their
work, serve as a model to professionally inclined.
In this
regard, some post researchers and psychologist like Abraham Maslow, Meclelland
and Murray has shown that motivation is crucial in human life and that it is
capable of affecting the standard of education in schools. There are dominant
factors which explains human behavior in a particular circumstance .These are
describe a “Motives” .Motives are the effective incitement to nation that lies
behind our act and behind the show of things .As explained that there is motive
behind any behavior, hence motives direct our action .This is where it is
pertinent for the society that is the government and parents to understand
teachers motives and direst these to desirable end.
Motivation,
according to many psychologists is a goal and directed “behavior”. It is a
phenomenon that gives reasons or capable of giving reasons for the emission of
a particular behavior. Therefore, anything that initiates or urges activity
whether external or internal is motivating.
Motivation
arouses out of urge or acquired interest and affects. Individual’s thoughts
emotions and behaviors (Blair1986) in education precisely, teachers need to be
motivated by both the government and the parents. That is, the government and
the parent role are to provide those things that would encourage the teachers
to teach what should teach.
Teacher is a
person who imparts knowledge for a living as a profession. Also, a teacher is a
person specially prepared to exercise the profession of teaching (Olatola
1991).Teacher in another word is a person who engages in developing learners
psychomotor, cognitive and effective in formal school system (Olawale 2001)
more so, teacher is a person who has undergone approved professional
training in education at appropriate
level capable of imparting knowledge, attitude and skills to the learners.
Which teaching is a systematic rational and organized process of transmitting
knowledge, attitude and skill in accordance with professional principles?
Teaching and
motivation are inseparable in the educational institution because it makes the
learners to show much interest in the teaching and learning activities.
In any
society, the productivity of the teaching is the concern of different groups of
people in the government the parents, school and the learners. All these
groups, in one way or the other are capable of motivating teachers to teach.
The
government could motivate the teachers by providing educational facilities,
payment of teachers salaries adequately given teachers promotion as at when
due. Organizing work shop seminars and in-service training for the teacher so as to upgrade their knowledge
in order to complete with their counter part in other nation at the global
level along the same line parents could motivate the teacher by equipping their children with both
the reading and writing materials and by assisting their children educationally
so as to pave way for effective teaching and learning processes in the school
system .Also they should finance and provide for their children’s need. Besides
school too is a motivating factor should provide the physical facilities,
development of library and laboratories, congenial and conducive environment
and discipline.
Meanwhile it
is not only the government the parents and the school that can motivate the
teachers, the student too can also motivate their teachers by reading their
books and doing their assignment when given, this arouse the interest of the
teachers in other to discharge their duties accordingly.
As a result
of the various motivational strategies employed by the government, parents and
learners to promote effective teaching and learning in our secondary schools,
this study therefore examines the extent to which the motivation promotes
teachers productivity.
It was
discovered that there is an energizing “force” that includes and dictates ones
behavior towards a given task .It compels teachers to perform task to meet
predetermined standard .The main characteristics are that they are sustain,
goal and arouse as a result of a need that is feet .The motivational factors
are those that induce one to perform better in teaching condition. They may be
tangible and non tangible incentive such as functional benefit, promotion
desirable teaching condition, leadership styles.
Investigation
has demonstrated that when teachers are given necessary motivation they are
required to display maximum wiliness in the discharge of their duty. This
enhances teacher’s ability to increase the quality Of production and create an
atmosphere where everyone can put their book.
In short,
there is absent of drive and incentive in teaching profession in any school
where motivation is absent the entire teachers productivity will be at its
lowest where as management expect a very high degree of productivity from the
teachers in order to maintain high academic performance and achieve the goal of
school as an institution the managers of school must strive to get productivity
from their teachers lerant kind and empathy to teachers .It is my candid
opinion that government should subject (motivation) a serious thought ,as there
is no gain saying the fact that people are the pilot on which any school ,hence
much attention to teachers motivation
today.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The outcry
about the low standard of education in our secondary schools was echoed by
Akintola (2003) when he stressed that the emerging pattern in Nigeria education
seems to be worse than ever before, because of lack of adequate motivation to
the teachers. Inadequate provisions of both reading and writing materials for
the students by the parents are the causative factors responsible for the low
performance in schools. And also, the parent failed to check the student work
and giving more helping hand in their work at home. Besides, one other salient
causative factor reducing the standard of education ,mostly in our secondary
school is the lack of government motivation to teachers area of salaries ,delay
in promotion and inability of the government in organizing workshop and
seminars’ for the teachers.
Therefore,
to upgrade the standard of education the government, parents and the student
should strive to give the necessary incentive that would stimulate the
teacher’s motives towards teaching.
1.2 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The
following hypothesis are proposed
1. There is no significant difference
in teaching performance of teachers if the government provides or does not
provide physical facilities in schools.
2. There are no significant differences
in teachers attitude towards teaching whether motivated or not.
3. There is no significant difference
in teacher’s attitude towards teaching whether their salaries are paid or not.
4. There is no significant difference
in teacher’s attitude towards teaching whether their promotion were delayed or
not.
5. There is no significant difference
in teacher’s attitude towards teaching whether workshop were organize for the
teacher or not.
1.3 PURPPOSE OF THE STUDY
The society
that is, the government, parent, schools and learners have been serving as
motivational factor to teaching in our secondary school. Then to ascertain the
extent and the level of motivation given to teachers ,this study attempt to
look at the situation in some selected secondary schools in Ijebu – Ode local
government area in Ogun state Therefore, the extent of the effectiveness of
motivation of the teachers in those schools in the subject in the subject of
these research work. Particularly the study sets out to;
- Investigate the motivational
factors of teachers in those schools.
- Examine the motivational factors
that contribute more to the productive of teachers.
- Identify the motivational
strategies that receive the highest attention.
- Find out the strategies that receive least
attention.
- Suggest other ways of motivating
teachers toward teaching.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
research work will help the society to a great a extent in realizing the
purpose they wish teaching to serve.
The society
that is ,the government ,parents and learners are regarded as the motivational
factors of teachers this research work will make the three groups of people to
realize there motivational factors or the role expected of them.
More so,
this research would expose to the government various motivational strategies
they could apply that will facilitate teaching the strategies such as distribution
of instructional materials , regular paying of teachers salaries, given
promotion to teachers when dues ,given in-service training. The research work
would make the government to realize the motivation that teachers lack and the
effectiveness of those that are provided so as to rectify the situation for
improvement in the teaching profession. Beside, it is the aim of this work to
enlighten the parent also of their parental roles in promoting the teaching
effectiveness of teachers. Along the same line this research would feed the
parents back on the effectiveness of the various strategies they use to
motivate the teachers and to encourage them better.
Essentially,
the research would avert the government, parent and learners making joint
effort to motivate teacher and effect improvement in the productivity.
1.5 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This
research work examined motivation as a correlate of teacher’s productivity and
it intends to cover five secondary schools in Ijebu-Ode local government area
of Ogun State.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Motivation:-refers
to the stimulation of workers, the driving force behind any behaviour,
especially something that involves hard work and effort.
Teacher:-is
a person who had undergone approved professional training in education at
appropriate level capable of imparting knowledge attitudes and skill to the
learners.
Teaching: -
is a systematic national and organized process of transmitting knowledge
attitudes and skills in accordance with professional principle.
Correlate:-refers
to having a mutual relation with something
Productivity:
-refers to the ability of the teacher to discharge duties effectively and
efficiently.
Effectiveness:
- it is the ability to put motivation into proper usage .Also, it is the ways
of putting things into proper action in education industries.
Efficiency:-is
the way of using the available resources to maximize effective productivity in
the educational setting in order to improve the quality of instruction.
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