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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF BROKEN HOMES ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
Education has been viewed by scholars based on their
perceptions of what education is about. Castle (1995) sees education as what
happened to us from the day we were born to the day we die. Nwachi (2000)
defines education as a weapon for combating ignorance, poverty and disease, as
a bridge between confusion and comprehension, as a dam for conserving man’s
store of civilization and for generating the power to move to greater
civilization, as a means for transporting man from a state of intellectual
subservience to a state of intellectual sovereignty. In a nutshell, education
is all-round development of an individual, intellectually, morally and
mentally, so that he will be useful to himself and the society he belongs.
It is assumed that brokenhomes retard the progress of those
children from such background in that both parents are not on ground to direct
and guide the child towards the achievement of educational goals. It is
agreeable or believed that children from broken homes are more likely prone to
poor academic performance. A child may become a victim of broken home as a
result of divorce or separation of the parents. When this happens, this child
is entrusted to other people that are different from his parents. This person
is expected to play the role of a surrogate parents despite his/her commitment
of his/her own children without any empirical evidence, it is very clear that nobody will treat a child who is
entrusted to his care the way he/she will treat his/her own child. By this
token, the child is always confused and frustrated under the leadership style
of step-father or step mother. The frustration of such a child knows no bound.
At home under surrogate parents he is discriminated and suffers some
psychological deprivations, he carried the same emotional frustration to the
school. Instead of listening to the teacher and taking down notes, he is more
often occupied with the intimidation, discrimination and deprivation he/she is
facing at home. As such, he has little or no interest in the learning
materials, as classes are ought to be attended and comprehensible in the course
of subject taught and presented at school.
Apart from frustration, discouragement and deprivations, the
child may also be malnourished and segregated by surrogate parent (i.e. mother)
who feel that she is wasting the family resources in the child she did not give
birth to; the child may lack the necessary school materials and in most cases,
may grudgingly allow the child to be attending school while that child may not
be given the necessary things that are vital for acquisition of knowledge since he know that, He will
be punished by the teacher for lack of
learning materials, hence, the child may resort to play truancy.
Since parenthood has been found to adversely affect the
learning situation of human being particularly the children, that is to say,
children who are reared in homes where parents are separated or divorced are
most likely to be faced with sleep disturbance in class while learning become
irritable, fearful, aggressive and withdrawn (Cole and Cole 1993, Van der
Zanden 1980). Studies further confirm that children in one parent household not
only do or perform poorly in school because they tend to lack self-control, but
also become disruptive in the class rooms, instead of paying attention to what
is being taught in class, they are busy disturbing others who are ready to
learn. In addition, it is also reported that two years immediately after a
mother’s marriage break up, the mother exercise less control over her children
than she did before (Hetherington, Cox
and Cos, 1982).
The problems children from broken homes are facing with the
resultant failure in school is a serious affair that calls for the attention of
all and sundry including the government.
1.2 STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
The family has enormous amount of influence on the education
of the child both directly and indirectly. In the preschool or formative years
of the child, the home transmit culture and knowledge to the child correcting
him where he goes wrong and directing him in other various aspects of his life
in the society.
However, broken homes are very common ranging. From voluntary
separation, desertion, ejection, divorce etc. the problem therefore is that
broken homes have really caused a setback in the education of the children born
into these families, thereby affecting the academic performance of these students.
1.3 PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY
The study is to examine the problems associated with broken
homes and how it affects the education of children from such homes, it is hoped
and believed that this study will enlighten teachers of the problems children
from broken homes have to contend with,with a view to helping them adjust
properly to learning situation.
The study is equally aimed at highlighting the unstable homes
and its adverse effect on the education of children from such homes and to
intimates parents with the problems associated with broken homes in order to
minimize separation and divorces.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
i.
To what extent does broken home affect the academic achievement of
student?
ii.
How does maltreatment from step parents contribute to the students’
academic performance in school?
iii.
What are the significant differences in the average academic performance
of students from broken homes and students from unbroken homes?
iv. What
are the problems associated with broken homes?
v. How
can these problems be minimized?
1.5 SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
Due to financial and time constraints the study is limited to
selected schools in Abeokuta North Local Government Area of OgunState, the
study is also limited to material resources available to the researcher during
the course of the study.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
It is expected that the research work would serve as a
reference to those who may carry out similar research in the future. The rate
of marriage failure is on the increase in our modern society. As the saying
goes “when two elephants fight on the grass, it is the grass that suffer? What
becomes of children born to such a family is nobody’s concern. It is therefore
pertinent that a timely study be carried out in order to give useful
suggestions and recommendation to teachers on how to help such unfortunate
children to learn properly in school so that they can come out with a good
academic performance in school for themselves and be useful to the society as
well.
As a matter of fact institution s like UNICEF, Ford
foundation and others have shown genuine interest and concern for Western
Children in similar conditions like those in Africa. The impact of these
aforementioned organizations has not been felt in most parts of Nigeria as a
nation. It is therefore necessary that a radically guided research of this
nature be carried out in this part of the world.
This dearth of search is also the rational for this study in
order to expose the problems of the broken homes and a resultant consequence of
the education of children from such homes. It will help in finding solution to
problems identified.
Lastly, it will expose teachers to the problems discussed and
its effects on education, with a view to working out modality of helping
students from such background to learn better.
1.7 DEFINITION OF
TERMS
Marriage: it is the legal relationship between a husband and
wife
Home: the house or apartment that one lives in, especially
with your family
Learning: a relatively pertinent to permanent change in the
behavior of an individual as result the learning.
Performance: This is the ability to successfully carry out a
given task following instructions.
Standard: This concept is used in the research to mean the
expected level of quality or specified level of academic excellence and its
attainment in the system.
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