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PROBLEMS OF INDISCIPLINE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the problems of indiscipline on the
academic performance of secondary school students in Kosofe local government
area of Lagos state. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. 196
secondary school students formed the sample while simple random sampling
technique was used to select secondary school students from four Senior
Secondary schools in Kosofe Local Government in Lagos State. Thirty Senior
Secondary school students were randomly sampled from each school. A
self-developed questionnaire of 21 items was used to collect information from
the students after its validity was determined. Four hypotheses were tested in
the study while Inferential Statistics of Pearson product moment correlation
statistical tool was used for hypothesis testing at 0.05 levels of
significance. The study revealed the following results: there is no significant
influence of truancy on students academic performance, there is no significant influence of cheating
in examinations on students academic performance, there is no significant
influence of alcohol and substance abuse on students academic performance,
there is no significant influence of sexual related problems on academic
performance and there is a significant gender difference on students academic
performance. It is recommended that; parents should be watchful of the types of
friends kept by their adolescent children. The parent-child relationship should
be cordial enough to permit adolescents to discuss their problems with their
parents. The management of adolescents (secondary school students) should be
the joint responsibility of parents, teachers, school administrators and the
society at large. School counsellors should also provide usable and adequate
information both to the students and their parents about forms of indiscipline
in secondary schools and consequent punishment associated to each.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
The children of today are the leaders of tomorrow and
children are always described as the pride and wealth of any nation. Due to
these reasons, the future of any nation depends largely on the young ones who
constitute the human and potential resources needed for the continued existence
of the society. In order for any nation to achieve a sustainable development,
the younger population must not only be preserved but also be disciplined. Over
the last decade there has been an increasing concern among educators in Nigeria
regarding students indiscipline and disrespect to school authorities. This
Indiscipline has been over time an issue of concern for educators, Policy
makers, public opinion and the society in general.
Research consistently documents that school indiscipline
reduces teaching hours as more time is devoted to managing students
misbehaviors rather than on teaching. School Indiscipline owing to outbreak of
aggressiveness among peers, violence within teachers to students
relationship and vandalism, truancy
bullying, alcohol and substance abuse, inability and unwillingness to do
assigned class work or homework, refusal to take given orders, teasing of other
learners, disrespecting educators, swearing at educators or other learners,
carrying dangerous weapons to school, threatening other learners with dangerous weapons, assaulting other
learners, thus leading to perpetual
existence of problem of drop outs, deviant behaviours, examination
malpractices, lateness and above all poor academic performance among students.
Idu and Ojedapo (2011) and Tunor (2011).
Discipline is probably one of the most difficult and
unpleasant part of teaching profession because the teacher is faced with the
challenges of educating, socializing, empowering and certifying students, but
this is only possible with the help of good teaching atmosphere (Fafunwa, 2009;
Farrant, 2004).
Indiscipline is a multifaceted phenomenon regarding its did
plays and causes as well as its meanings and functions in the social,
psychological and pedagogical fields. The problem of indiscipline permeates all
facets of the life of man and has brought man down to the knees. According to
the Bible (Christians holy book) it was the sin of Disobedience that sent the
first man and woman Adam and Eve out of the Garden of Eden. The sin of
disobedience is actually a case of indiscipline to laid down rules and
regulations by the constituted authority (God) in which he instructed them not
to do something, which they later did and had to face the consequences.
School indiscipline according to Gaustard (2005) has two main
objectives. The first is to ensure the safety of staff and students while the
second is to create an environment conducive for learning. Acts of indiscipline
occasioned by students misconduct involving violent and criminal behavior
defeats the goals of education.
Acts of indiscipline if allowed to incubate under current
favourable conditions by education providers and consumers could hatch a
monster that will be difficult to exterminate. Idu and Ojedapo (2011) and Tunor
(2011). Minor samples of the envisioned problems are being encountered in the
nations economic front. Many indeed
believe that the current economic woes arising from corruption, robbery,
assassination, kidnapping, smuggling and pipeline vandalisation are progenies
of school indiscipline. Court injunctions and orders are indiscriminately
flouted not only by those who make or interpret the law, but also by those who
took the oath to defend the laws of the land. These acts of indiscipline in our
national life most likely began as a mustard seed of disobedience in the
school.
School indiscipline is a very important and crucial issue
hindering the normal development of youths in the society especially students
in post primary schools. Indiscipline as it concerns achievement of educational
goals has received a lot of attention. According to Edem (1982), Indiscipline
as the violation of school rules and regulations which is capable of
obstructing the smooth and orderly functioning of the school system should be
consequently avoided through perfect orientation of students and imposition of
positive sanctions in the case of obvious violation of order.
Indiscipline is the ability of students to respect authority,
observe and obey school rules and regulations which in turn affect their
academic performance. When a student misses or skips classes continuously no
doubt that will lead to poor performance in his academics. Same goes for
truancy, absteenism, late coming to mention a few.
The purpose of this study is to explore the Problems of
indiscipline and its influence on the Academic Performance of Senior Secondary
Schools in Lagos State.
The problem of indiscipline affects all schools irrespective
of gender and school type though the degree and magnitude vary from school to
school. Cases of violence though common, occur more often outside than on the
school premises. The measures taken to deal with indiscipline are barely
adequate given the fact that there exist no administrative or legal guidelines
which one could refer to in the case such issues or situation arises. Actions
taken are often ad-hoc and uncoordinated both within and across schools of the
same type. Teachers most predominately feel disempowered to deal with cases of
indiscipline because of lack of support from relevant authorities, political
interference and incapacitated school administration.
In this study, we would be looking at the term discipline,
Indiscipline and its influence on academic performance. Discipline globally views could be termed to
mean training that enables an individual to develop an orderly conduct and self
control as well as self direction Egwunyenga (2000). Therefore Discipline defines
the limitations of an individual or group of people. It is the practice of
restraint, which may be self- imposed. Relating it to our schools, Adeshina
(1980) described it as a situation whereby students are taught to respect the
school authorities, to observe the school laws and regulations and to maintain
established standard of behavior. In other words, respect for self and others.
Boakye (2006) defines discipline as the obedience of rules
and orders and a manifestation of an outward mark of respect in accordance with
standing agreements. School discipline is an essential element in school
administration. This is because discipline is a mode of life in accordance with
laid down rules of the society to which all members must conform and the violation of which are
questionable . Indiscipline is seen as a process of training and learning that
fosters growth and development. Imaguezor (1997). The aim of discipline is
therefore to help the individual to be well adjusted, happy and useful in
school and also in the society. The doctrine of school discipline according to
Nolte (1980) and Barrell (1978) is based on the concept of loco parentis which
allows school authority full responsibility for childrens upbringing, the right
of discipline and control. In other words, teachers have the right to punish
students who contravene school rules/laws.
This discipline refers to a systematic instruction given to a student.
To discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code of
conduct. According to Adesina (1990), discipline is the readiness or ability to
respect authority and observe conventional or established laws of the society
or of any other organization. Discipline implies self-control, restraint, and
respect for oneself and others. In a nutshell, school discipline refers to
regulation of children and maintenance of school rules or order. These rules
may for example define the expected standards of clothing (school uniform),
timekeeping, social behavior among classmates and general school ethics.
Discipline therefore calls for sacrifice, perseverance, and tolerance in our
schools in order to achieve academic excellence.
Indiscipline, on the other hand, is misbehaviour in any or
all of the following areas: respect for school authority, obedience of rules,
laws and regulation and maintenance of established standards of behaviour.
Adesina (1990), also argues that discipline is coined from a
Latin word Discipulus meaning to learn. It therefore calls for the submission
of one's impulses and powers to a regulation, which prevents chaos and brings
efficiency without which there would otherwise be ineffectiveness and waste.
Indiscipline, on the other hand, is a breach of social order,
good moral, behaviour, self-accepted and self-maintained social values of life.
Furthermore, indiscipline can be said to be problem facing
the effectiveness of work in the public and private secondary schools today.
This has led to nepotism, hooliganism, absenteeism, truancy, unwanted
destruction of properties, cheating and examination mal-practice in the
society.
Indiscipline can be said to be the absence of discipline.
Therefore, anywhere indiscipline reigns, discipline is absent. The stability
and continued existence of that society is in question because where discipline
is not instilled, life and property become insecure and the continued existence
of that society become precarious.
Edem (1982), states that indiscipline as a violation of
school rules and regulations is capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly
functioning of schools system and should be consequently avoided through
perfect orientation of students and imposition of positive sanction incase of
obvious violation of the order.
Dittiniya (1996), states that indiscipline could be regarded
as any act that does not conform to societal values and norms. Indiscipline
could take up many forms and shapes depending on how it is being carried out in
its assorted forms. Indiscipline is also a distinctive and undeserving element
to progress, training and mode of life in accordance with rules. Consequently,
lack of discipline relates to misbehavior in any form. Indiscipline in this
situation is any act that is inconsistent with the set down rules and
regulations governing a learning situation.
It is important to state that indiscipline in our secondary
schools is one of the major problems facing our society today. Indiscipline
according to (Timothy, 2008: 110) is the direct opposite of discipline i.e.
lack of discipline. He further quoted Dittinuiya (1995) who defined it as any
act that does not conform to the societal value and norms.
However, indiscipline
is as old creation itself. That was what accounted for the ejection of the
first male and female (Adam and Eve) from the garden of Eden, out of
disobedience and extreme curiosity to be like their creator, they tasted the
forbidden fruit and faced the consequences. Furthermore, for some time now,
indiscipline in our school has attracted the attention of the media and the
general public. Schools which are fundamentally expected to assist in building
up people for good of the society are now regarded as by some as the breeding
ground for indiscipline.
On the whole, these authors agree on one common thing about
discipline and indiscipline. That is, whereas discipline means obedience to
authority, respect for self and others, indiscipline means the opposite (i.e.
disobedience to authority, lack of respect for self and others). This common
view is undisputable because it underscores the fact that discipline is an
indispensable aspect of school effectiveness. In this study indiscipline is
conceptualized as behaviour from a student that breaches rules and regulations
and undermines school effectiveness. Academic Performance is what you have
shown you can do in a certain subject(s). Ability is what you can do given an
ideal circumstance. You can think of it as being internal until you show what
you can do with your performance. Performance is external and what people can
see. For instance, someone freaks out when they have to take a test and is
uncoordinated; this will or may lead to poor performance in that test. If that
same person takes that same test without being nervous, he would have performed
better.
There is much indiscipline in schools. There is also various
school offence or indiscipline today and the major ones are listed below. E.g.
assault and insult, drug abuse, charms, truancy, fighting, mass demonstration,
dishonesty, wickedness, drug trafficking, keeping firearms, sexual harassment,
rape, Robbery, in-decency etc.
1.
Assault and insult: Student or youth speak rudely to their teachers and
also fight with members of staff as well as members of non-teaching staff and
beat up their younger ones.
2.
Drug abuse: This is the habit of taking in destructive substances. They
arch the habit of keeping and using drug for regular diseases, which are not
prescribed by qualified doctors. They also indulge in drinking and smoking.
3.
Charms: worse still act or things are supposed to have magic power to
help or harm people. A lot of students use charms to pass their examination as
to win the favour of the teacher and also to cause harm to fellow students and
teacher who are against them.
4.
Truancy: This is the act of habit staying away from school without
permission. Most of the students leave their home every morning but do not get
to school.
5.
Fighting: Indiscipline arises from fighting. It brings about physical
defeat of students in secondary school.
6.
Mass demonstration: They engaged in demonstration or strikes over the
quality of food, poor staffing.
7.
Dishonesty: Lying cheating and stealing are dishonest acts of Behaviour.
Some of them are guilty of fighting and cheating at examination.
8.
Wickedness: They oppress the junior students and carryout the
destructive of the school property. They engage in strikes and mass
demonstration.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
There has been continued decline in the academic performance
of students in our secondary schools and these are triggered by the escalation
in the number of students who fail or perform woefully in continuous assessment
test and promotional examination. This problems also surface in external
examinations. That is the performance of students who write the Junior
Secondary Certificate examinations (JSCE) and the Senior Secondary Examinations
(SSCE), most of the students do not pass the mathematics and English language
which is a compulsory prerequisite to be able to gain admission into any higher
Institution.
Due to these problems, most of the students have had to
repeat a class and as in the case of the external examinations, they have to
seat at home to wait for another year in order to re-sit for another
examination. It is also a concern because the external examinations fees have
to be paid again before such the student can be allowed to sit for the exams.
Many parents would actually search for jobs for their wards but in our society
where even the graduates are still unemployed, what would become of their fate.
When nothing seems to be coming forth in terms of employment, these children
will have no other choice but to remain at home hoping that and believing that they might be called up for a job some
day. Remember the adage that says an An idle hand is the devils workshop. Its
always during the time of waiting that they join bad gangs, engage in the abuse
of drugs, drinking alcohol, partying, night crawling, even some others are used
by evil politicians to realize their ambition of rigging and ballot box
snatching by giving them cash in exchange for arms and ammunition to the
detriment of their soul, thereby jeopardizing their future. Some others join
armed robbery gangs, engage in prostitution and if they caught in the any of
this dastardly act. They would be arrested and charged to court. If they
convicted and found guilty, they risk the chance of going to jail.
This issue has become a source of concern even to school
administrators, parents, guardians, teachers, principals, district board of
education, ministry of education, students themselves, stakeholders and the
society in general. Therefore, this study sets to investigate the problems of
indiscipline on the academic performance of secondary school students in Kosofe
Local Government Area of Lagos State. There is no doubt that teachers, parents,
guardians, peer groups and the society itself have both individual and
collective roles.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE
STUDY
1. To determine
the influence of truancy on students' academic performance.
2. To ascertain
the influence of cheating on students' academic performance.
3. To determine
the influence of alcohol and substance abuse on academic performance.
4. To ascertain
the influence of sexual related problems on academic performance.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1. Will truancy have influence academic
performance of secondary school students in Kosofe Local Government area of
Lagos state?
2. Will
cheating in examination have influence students' academic performance in Kosofe
Local Government area of Lagos state?
3. Will Alcohol
and substance abuse have influence students' academic performance in Kosofe
Local Government area of Lagos state?
4. Will sexual
related problems have influence on academic performance of students in Kosofe
Local Government area of Lagos state?
5. Will gender
difference have influence academic performance of students in Kosofe Local Government
area of Lagos state?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
1. Truancy will
not have significant influence on academic performance of secondary school
students in Kosofe Local Government area of Lagos state.
2. Cheating in
examinations will not have significant influence on academic performance of
students in Kosofe Local Government area of Lagos state.
3. Alcohol and
substance abuse will not have significant influence on academic performance of
secondary school students in Kosofe Local Government area of Lagos state.
4. Sexual
related problems will not have significant influence on academic performance of
secondary school students in Kosofe Local Government area of Lagos state.
5. Gender
difference will not have significant influence on students academic performance
in Kosofe Local Government area of Lagos state.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
The finding of this study will equally be relevant to
government through the ministry of education, policy makers, education
reformers and school administrators in providing a lasting solution to the
social menace. This study will be useful to educational administrators and
teachers as well as parents as it will suggest other strategies that can be
used to reduce indiscipline among pupils in schools. This study will also
contribute to the existing body of knowledge and literature on ways of reducing
indiscipline in schools.
1.7 DELIMITATION OF
THE STUDY
This study is delimited to public secondary schools in Kosofe
Local Government Area of Lagos State. Also Principals and teachers in Kosofe
Local Government area of Lagos state.
1.8 LIMITATION OF
THE STUDY
One of the limitations was time factor; another was
transportation and attitude of respondent which created problem to the
researcher.
1.9 DEFINITION OF
TERMS
Truancy: This is the act of habit staying away from school
without permission. Most of the students leave their home every morning but do
not get to school.
Discipline: refers to training, especially of the mind and
character, to produce self-control habits of obedience, the results of which
sets rules f r conduct and methods by which training may be given:
Indiscipline: refers to misbehaviour or deviance or any form
of behaviour that displays disobedience to authority and failure to follow set
rules of conduct.
Academic performance: is defined as the achievement of
performance in the teacher made terminal examination for the senior secondary
school students. Achievements in Mathematics were chosen because in practice,
mathematics is among the subject in the comprehensive/core curriculum which
must be taken by students at all level (National Policy on Education 2004).
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