EFFECTS OF THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF COMPUTER IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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EFFECTS OF THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON THE TEACHING
AND LEARNING OF COMPUTER IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effects of the use of instructional
materials in the teaching and learning of computer in the junior secondary
schools of Ebonyi State. The study also examined the effect of instructional
materials and gender on students’ academic achievement in computer studies. The
performance of students taught with instructional materials was compared with
those of students taught with conventional teaching method. In order to carry
out the study effectively, three research questions were asked and tested. Many
related literature were reviewed. The sample for the study consisted of 100
secondary school students. The population of the study consists of all the
junior secondary school in Ebonyi state of the total of 223, using the JSS1
student of about 19,250. The researcher constructed the test items, which were
then face validated by Experts; one in
computer education and the other in measurement and evaluation after which it
was administered to the students. Computer studies achievement test (CSAT) was
used to collect data for the study. The data obtained were analyzed. Mean and
standard deviation were used to answer the research question. The analysis
indicated that instructional materials had significant effects on students’
cognitive achievement in computer. Gender was a significant factor in the
students’ overall cognitive achievement in computer. Thus, it is recommended to
use instructional materials in the teaching and learning of computer, state
governments or their ministries of Education and professional associations
should organize workshops, seminars and conferences to train the serving
teachers on the use of instructional materials technique. Finally, the limitation
of study and suggestion for further studies were highlighted.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
Attainment of any teaching and learning objectives involves
both human resources and materials resources and factors, that is, the teacher
who is the enforcer of the subject content and the availability of both
convectional materials and improvised materials, otherwise known as
instructional materials. These factors must be in place to ensure attained
educational objective, instructional materials are said to be all those
materials needed in the classroom to be used by the teacher for the purse of
facilitating teaching and learning. According to Kay (2008), instructional
materials stimulate the students’ desire to learn, and assist learning process
by making assimilations and memorizing of the learned topic easy for students.
Agun (2008)
refers to them as learning materials, the proper use which helps learners to
learn faster and better. Offering computer studies, the computer itself serves
as an instructional material because the subject is more of concrete object
that can be seen and touched by both the teacher and learners (Ituma, 2010).
According to Benson (2011) instructional materials are
materials or tools locally made or imported that could make tremendous impact
if intelligently used. In most cases learner have the difficulty in
understanding some certain concepts as a result of their cognitive operation
and ability, hence the need for teachers to employ materials and methods that
will facilitate students’ understanding of the concepts as in the case of
computer studies is appreciated. It is against this background that (Nwuba2016)
cited jean Piaget who postulated human beings to be classified along sensory motor,
pre-operational, concrete and abstract cognitive level.
In a real sense, a teacher is someone who combines materials
and interprets concepts in other to have desired change or outcome in the
learners. The role of a teacher is often formal and ongoing carried out by way
of occupation or profession at school or other formal settings.
Education has instrumentally impacted positively to the survival of the
society at large, this sole reason is why modifications are required in the
educational field in other to induce and facilitate teaching and learning and
also meet up with latest changes and trends.
Education of yester years relied on few or no instructional materials in
trying to impact knowledge in learners, their assumptions were that knowledge
can be forced on student regardless of the individual differences that is found
in the classroom. (Obanya2013)
The subject computer studies was introduced into the
secondary school curriculum to develop and input in learners the right
knowledge and skills about computer and also to empower the youth through
entrepreneurships since computer centers are current moving trend in the
society (Adebayo, 2013).
According to Abu (2004), the importance of computer device in
our society cannot be over-emphasized and that is the reason why the teaching
of the computer studies should not be toyed with and should be handled with
proper instructional materials. Instructional material is a major determinant
that controls the pace of teaching and learning in the classrooms. Okereke
(2009) stressed that many school in the state level cannot boast of
instructional materials and contend that every government should make education
a top priority to help improve the standard of education by providing
instructional materials. Instructional material is an aid of teaching and
learning. It helps to raise learning from verbalization to practical aspect of
teaching and learning. Instructional materials make teaching and learning
interesting, easy and amusing. They make learning effective.
Otu ( 2007 ) stressed out that the computer studies is a
"tool"; it is real and should be treated as such, the inability to
produce the right teaching instructional materials poses a big threat in
students’ academic achievements and performance in the subject. For computer
studies to be learned properly, there must be a computer device, due to the
fact that the subject presents a level of abstract concepts that need to be
visualized by student so as to induce their understanding and to remedy the
issue of individual differences.
Therefore for the effective understanding of the subject
matter in computer studies and for students to achieve better in computer
studies, there is great need to examine the effects of instructional materials
on teaching and learning of computer studies with the aim of stimulating the
interest of the students.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
The junior secondary school is the first part of the
secondary school level of education according to the national policy on
education (NPOE 2004), which means that proper attention is needed to ensure
that students perform well academically, this may not be possible without the
application of instructional materials in the classroom. The teachers’ level of
resourcefulness, creativity and imagination is credited to the achievement of
quality of education. These are expressed on how well the teacher is able to
perceive, create, use important information that can enhance and promote
effective teaching and learning activities.
Instructional materials are major determining variables that control the
pace of learning. It has to do with the creation of environment in which
students can develop the full potentials and lead productive lives in
accordance to the demands of their interest, either as individuals or as group
within the society.
The Nigerian government, at all levels over the years placed
enormous emphasis on instructional materials in shaping efforts as strategies
aimed at improving students’ standard of learning in the country but both
theoretical and empirical literature failed to capture the real factors as to
why the standard of education in the country still remain very low. Therefore,
the question to be answered by this study is: what are the effects of
instructional materials on teaching and learning of computer studies in Ebonyi
State secondary school system
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of the study was to ascertain the effects of
instructional materials on teaching and learning of computer studies in Ebonyi
State. Specifically, the study sought to:
i. Examine the effects of
instructional materials on students’ achievements in computer studies in junior
secondary school of Ebonyi state.
ii. Examine
the effects of instructional materials on the achievements of male and female
students in computer studies in junior secondary school of Ebonyi state.
iii. Examine
the interaction effects of treatment and gender on students’ achievements in
computer studies in junior secondary school of Ebonyi state.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be of immense benefit to the computer studies
teachers, students, curriculum planners and the Ebonyi State ministry of
education.
The result of this study will unveil to teachers the
importance of instructional materials in the classroom and make them appreciate
and begin to use them for their instructions.
The findings of this study will serve as a reference document
to groups and learners when conducting research on the effects of instructional
materials in computer studies.
And also, the findings of this study will help curriculum
planners to attach great importance to instructional materials and also make
them to be conscious of integrating instructional aids and theoretical
frameworks in curriculum developments.
This study will also play a vital role as source of
information to the government of Ebonyi State that inability to provide
adequate instructional materials in the subject is leading to the failure of
the attainment of instructional aims and objectives.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
The study focuses on the effects of instructional materials
in teaching and learning of computer studies in junior secondary schools in
Ebonyi state. It also encompasses both private and public junior secondary
schools in Ebonyi state.
1.6 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The following questions were designed to guide the study:
1) What is the
difference between the achievements of students taught with instructional
materials and the students taught without instructional materials?
2) What is the
difference between the achievements of male and female students taught with
instructional materials?
3) What is the
effect of interaction between treatment and gender on students’ achievements in
Computer Studies?
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