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THE EFFECT
OF HAWKING ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED JUNIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This study
examined the effects of street hawking on students academic performance in
selected junior secondary schools in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State.
A case study of Egba Odeda High School, Odeda Local Government Abeokuta, Ogun
State. The research design adopted for the study was descriptive survey. The
study population comprised students in Junior Secondary School one to Junior
Secondary School three in Egba Odeda High School Odeda. A sample size of 50
students selected through sampling technique participated in the study. The data
were collected from the sample through a questionnaire designed by the
researcher. The data collected were analysed with the use of simple percentage.
The findings of the study revealed that, street hawking posed danger on parents
and children and this needs urgent attention of government within and outside
the shores of Nigeria in order to eradicates street hawking in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
emergence of street hawking in Nigeria as been so prevalent of which it as now
become an eye. Sore situation Education. Education is the best legacy a nation
can give to her citizens especially the youth. This is because the development
of any nation or community depends largely on the quality of education of such
nation. It is generally believed that the basis for any true development must
commence with the development of human resources.
Much than is
said that formal education remains the vehicle for socio-economic,
psychological and environmental development of any society. When we come to
think of students, they are the ones who learn ideas to become more responsible
and productive someday. Students from the rich and the poor, especially those
in Egba Odeda High School are affected by myriad of factors. Examples of those
factors are socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors.
Socio-economic factors are believed to be the common factors affecting
student’s academic performance. They have been suffering and socio-economic gap
between families (Johnson, 1996), lamented that parents become poor due to
those hard measure, such that they can no longer adequately for good education
of their children.
High level
of illiteracy, and poverty and low socio-economic status complied with high
rate of paternal and material deprivation of student academic needs, which was
necessitated by poor socio-economic situation. Home background according to
PISA (Programme International Student Assessment, 2000) influences academic and
educational success of students and school work, while socio-economic status
reinforces the activities and functioning of the students.
Psychological
factors also gives a big impact on student’s performance. One of these is
street hawking among students. Danesy and Okediran (2002) elaborated that
street hawking among students have psychologically imposed other problems, like
sex networking behaviour, juvenile sequent behaviour, which takes much of the
school time that necessities the poor academic performance and dropout syndrome
among students.
Environment
factors also influence academic performance learning environment is one. The
learning environment that is free of barriers, or obstacles or distractions
such as noise, gas/smoke pollutions and so on can constitute health hazards
which in return affect or reduce student’s concentration or perceptive or
conceptive focus to learning (Sprinthall, 1987).
Goethals
(2001) found out that weak students do better when grouped with other weak
students. As implied by Zonjonc (1976) that students of their own kind help
them to improve their performance.
Socerdoke
(2001) found out that grades are higher when students have unusually
academically strong study partner. The findings of Zimmerman (1991, 2001) where
some what contradictory to Goethal results but again is proved that student’s
performance depends on number of different factor; it says that the weak peers
might reduce the grades of middling or strong students.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This project
aims to determine the effects of hawking on students academic performance in
selected junior secondary schools in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State.
Many factors has been contributed to this effect of street hawking on students
academic performance. And some of this factors are: socio-economic factor,
psychological factor and environmental factor.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
following include the purpose of this study:
i. To find solution to the
effect of hawking on students academic performance.
ii. To investigate the academic
performance of students from street hawking,
iii. To determine whether
socio-economic factor, psychological and environmental factors are also affect
students academic performance.
iv. To eradicates street hawking in
the society.
v. To urge government to provide
free education for all citizens in order to eradicate illiteracy and poverty in
the society.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The finding
accumulated by this study may provide significant benefits to the following
groups or individuals.
School
Administration: They will be able to determine on how big difference they can
make on the student’s academic performance. They can make ways to help students
excel in their studies. For example, they can conduct school services,
activities, academic programs and seminars that can be a sure fit solution to
the student’s problems influencing their studies and performance.
Teachers:
They can better understand why such student’s performance is like that. They
will be able to help students to cope with their studies in spite of the
factors affecting it.
Parents:
They will be able to realize their role on their children’s academic
performance. They will be able to guide them on their studies especially their
performance in school.
Students:
They will be able to know the factors that affect their academic performance.
Thus, they will be able to manage their situations. This study will serve as a
reason for them to be more serious with their studies in spite of the factors
affecting it.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study
focuses mainly on the factors that affect student’s academic performance in
Egba Odeda High School Odeda Local Government Abeokuta, Ogun State. The
respondents in this study are 50 students. The respondents are asked to fill up
the data in the survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire is composed of
two sections. The introductory section includes basic questions used to
identify the socio-demographic profiles of students. The second section of the
survey questionnaire addresses the statements and questions under each factors
mostly encountered by students.
Student
respondents are asked to indicate their most appropriate rating for each item.
The statement are intended to capture the effects or factors that mostly
affects students academic preface.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION
The
researcher would like to provide answers to the following questions
i. Does hawking affects
student’s academic performance?
ii. In what way does socio
economic factors are believed to be the common factors affecting student’s
academic performance.
iii. What are the causes of street
hawking?
iv. Does environmental factors also
influence student’s academic performance?
v. Does parental care affects
students academic performance?
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
To
constitute general comprehension, the terms were operationally defined for
better understanding and justification of the study.
i. Hawking: a process in which
a person try to sell things by going from place to place asking people to buy
them.
ii. Socio-economic factors: The term that refers
to the social and economic aspects that influences student’s academic
performance.
iii. Psychological factors: The term
that refers to the behaviour and mental state of students and the people around
him/her which affects his/her study.
iv. Environmental factors: The term
that refers to the external and circumstances that surrounds the students that
influences his/her performance.
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