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INFLUENCE OF
MOBILIZATION ON WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ABSTRACT
This
research report made a critical survey of the influence of mobilization on
women’s participation in community development in Oredo Local Government Area
of Edo state. The researcher made a view of some related literature, relating
to the topic of the research, to give some ideas of what other scholars have
written. A questionnaire titled the influence of mobilization on women’s
participation in community development was developed and administered to 200
respondents who were randomly selected from local Government workers, teachers,
farmers and traders in the area. Questions were asked on the influence of
mobilization on women’s participation in community development. From the
questionnaire it was found out that age, education, mobilization, government
and non-governmental organization influence the level of participation of women
in community development and that the programme they engaged in served their
interest. Based on this findings from the study, the researcher made a number
of suggestions to increase women’s participation in community development
through mobilization. Women in rural communities (farmers and traders) should
not be discriminated upon but given open hand to work with male counterparts
and seen as equal in the society. Lastly women should be helped with useful
projects that will effect and change their financial status and enable them
support in community development programmes or projects, all constitutional
constraints against women should be removed to erase gender inequality in the
society.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the study
Women play a
pivotal role in national development, however this has not been taken into
cognizance in national planning and even to lower levels such as community
development. Women are special set of people in the world as a whole. They have
been involved in social voluntary activities in the community for many years.
Through women’s organizations, they have helped communities to take care of
their needs. Women work within the household as mothers, home keepers and
outside such as in the farming economy in agriculture and childcare. Before the
mid 1940’s, women in all parts of the world were victims of different kinds of
traditions. They were victims of cultural bias that determine how they should
behave and what they are suited to do. This perception has tended to reduce
women’s participation in socio-economic and political development.
Almost
everywhere women are asked to take their place in the kitchen, to become more
informed mothers, more effective home managers, to satisfy the sexual passions
of their husbands, rear babies and above all play the roles which are
essentially complementary to those of men (Hibert,2004). However since the
60’s, 70’s began to influence women’s role or participation in community
development. This awareness has been more since the 1975 women’s year
programmes directed towards women have multiplied throughout the third world
countries(Bernard and Hayer,2001). Hence women now want to take part in
politics to have power and influence their status in decision making in
society. To make their dreams a reality, women who see themselves as leaders in
communities, have a fair share in decision making and politics.
However
little is known about the quality and impact of such programmes and about the
extent to which women are involved in decision making, the implementation of
programmes and project execution and their management. In those days employment
of women was not recognized because they were not absorbed into public or civil
service (Akintola,2003). As stated in Adamu (2004), unemployment makes a woman
to limit her participation in development activities. The recognition of the
role of women have further given rise to the organization of women programmes
in rural development in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Such programmes
include weaving, fashion designing, catering, etc. These programmes for women
are designed to enable women in the local Government Area participate in the
socio-political and economic development of their communities. It is important
therefore to study how far women in rural communities like in Oredo Local
Government have integrated into the system. It is also intended to find out the
type of projects. The age distribution, the level of education, the factors
that influence them to play those roles and the problems which they face in
playing those roles and in such programmes and to find out whether the
programmes on which they play such roles and to serve their needs and
contribute to their advancement generally.
Above all,
women’s dual responsibility to support the family, home and child rearing are
significant barriers to participate in community development often withdraw
from participating effectively in community development programmes, hence in
recent times there has been the need for mobilization to renew women’s interest
in community development participation. Mobilization of women gives them the
assurance that the programme is meant to serve their needs, and interests.
Mobilization before organizing any community development programme ensures that
the programme best suits clients for whom it is meant especially for the
disadvantaged group and women. Mobilization has always increased the number of
participants in any adult education programme and community development is no
exception. Hence the need to study the influence of mobilization on women’s
participation in community development in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo
State.
Statement of
the problem
The study is
centred on the influence of mobilization on women’s participation in community
development in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Entrepreneurial
programmes such as bead making, weaving, fashion designing, interior and
exterior decorations have all been made available to women in the community, In
order for them to participate in programmes such as better life for women,
women empowerment initiatives have all been put in place. Despite all efforts
been made by the federal, state and non- governmental organizations to enhance
the education of women so that they can actively and effectively contribute to
the development of communities, many women still do not participate in
community development.
Like every
other communities, Oredo local Government needs to develop their own rural
areas through the help of women. The involvement of women in rural development
as it is observed has not been effective. Therefore could it be that women are
not being effectively mobilized to participate in the development of rural
communities, hence the need for the study.
Research
questions
For the
purpose of this study the following questions were asked:
What are the
various community development programmes for women in Oredo Local Government
Area?
What is the
extent of women’s involvement in community development projects in Oredo Local
Government Area of Edo state?
What factors
influence women’s participation in community development programmes
To what
extent can mobilization be used to effectively engage the women in community
development programmes?
Purpose of
the study
The general
purpose of this study is assess the influence of mobilization on women’s
participation in community development programmes but the specific objectives
will be;
To identify
the various community programmes available for women in Oredo Local Government
Area.
To ascertain
the extent of women’s involvement in community development projects in Oredo
Local Government Area of Edo state.
To determine
the factors affecting women’s participation in community development programmes
To determine
the extent to which mobilization has effectively engage the women in community
development programmes.
Significance
of the study
The study
will generate data and information that will be useful for identifying the
influence of mobilization on women’s participation in community development in
Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. It is also hoped that this study will
create better knowledge and change of mind and attitude among the inhabitants
of Oredo local Government Area concerning women’s participation in community
development programmes. Mobilization will no longer be seen as a waste of
economic resources in community development. The result will help to improve
participating in community development. Again the findings of this study will
help in carrying out further research on the influence of mobilization on
women’s participation in community development.
Scope/Delimitation
of the study
The
researcher’s study has been limited to highlighting the influence of
mobilization on women’s participation in community development in Oredo local
Government Area of Edo State. Women within Oredo Local Government Area will be
involved in this study with a view to determining whether women participate in
decision making and planning of development oriented activities in the area. It
will also focus on determining whether women have access to those services that
promote better living and the contending forces in the participation of women
in these activities.
Limitations
of the study
The
researcher would have liked to cover a much wider area and scope but the
following have constituted limitation to this work and they include:
Lack of up
to date records of women’s activities
Large
population of women in society
Illiteracy
and ignorance among the respondents sacred them away from the researcher
Failure of
respondents to give correct answers to question asked due to fear that exposure
of the information might be used against them
Definition
of Terms
For the
purpose of this study and for the avoidance of ambiguity, the following terms
are operatively defined:
Women’s
participation: This is the process by which the female folk have a share, take
active part in an event or a programme.
Community
Development: A process where community members come together to take collective
action and generate solutions to common problems. It is a process of social
action and planning for change by members of a community.
Participation:
The activity may be of any kind; religious, social, political, e.t.c.
Mobilization:
The act of creating awareness, about the importance of particular programme
mobilization involves both human and material resources.
Women:
According to the chamber universal learners dictionary are defined as adult
female human beings.
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