ASSESSMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE EDUCATION PROVIDERS’ ADHERENCE TO THE PROVISIONS OF NATIONAL MINIMUM STANDARD ON EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
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ASSESSMENT
OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE EDUCATION PROVIDERS’ ADHERENCE TO THE PROVISIONS OF
NATIONAL MINIMUM STANDARD ON EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
The main
purpose of this study is to assess the early childhood care education
providers’
adherence to
the national minimum standard in Zone C (Idoma) Education Area, Benue State.
Five
research questions and five hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted
descriptive
survey
research design. The population of this study consisted of 5,999 head teachers
and
teachers in
170 primary schools in Zone C (Idoma) Education Area. The sample size was 381
head
teachers and teachers drawn from the population. The sample was drawn using
simple
random
technique. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire
titled
“Early
Childhood Care Education Providers’ Adherence to National Minimum Standard
Questionnaire’s
(ECCEPANMSQ) was adopted by the researcher. Three experts validated the
instrument
and the instrument yielded an overall reliability coefficient of 0.89. The data
collected
was analysed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions
while t-test
statistic was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
The
findings of
the study were that: ECCE providers have not adhered to the requirements of the
National
minimum standard on the recruitment of teachers, the ECCE centres are not
regularly
supervised
by the providers, the learning environment is not conducive enough, teaching
materials
are not used in line with the requirement of the National minimum standard and
also
children’s
health is not well protected. Based on the findings of the study, conclusions
were
drawn and
recommendations were made.
1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Education is
a process of developing an individual to help him improve himself and
his/her
society. The Federal Republic of Nigeria as stated in the National policy on
education[Federal
Republic of Nigeria (FRN), 2004], Education is defined as the process that
helps to
develop the whole being, physically, mentally, morally, politically, socially,
economically
and technologically. Education will enable the individual function in any
environment
in which they may find themselves. Education is the process through which a
child or an
adult acquires knowledge, experience, skills and sound attitude. It makes an
individual
civilized, refined, cultured and educated (Nwagwu, 2003). The value and
importance
of educating the child can never be over emphasized.
A child is a
young human being between birth and puberty. According to Opera (2012),
a child is a
person known as a minor from birth to the legal age of maturity, for whose
parents
and
caregivers, foster parents, public or private homes, institutional or agency is
responsible.
The child is
somebody under a legally specified age who is considered not to be legally
responsible
for his or her actions. In this study a child is defined as a person from the
age of
zero to five
years under the care of caregivers, helpers and securities in Early Childhood
Care
Education
(ECCE) Centres.
For a child to
survive and develop, someone has to nurture and care for him. The child
depends on
his parents and others (caregiver) who ensure that the child survives and
develops
through good
care. Evans, Myers and IIford (2000) opined that the care results into creating
an
enabling
environment which can support the child’s optimal development. Care include
providing in
the child’s life appropriate modelling, stimulation, protection and time which
are
1
2
all
components of respect for the child’s right. The authors’ further state that a
child with
consistent
caring attention is generally better nourished, less likely to be sick and
learn better
than a child
who does not receive such. This is why early childhood stage is a critical
period.
Early
childhood period is a sensitive stage. It is a period of 0-8 years of age
(UNICEF,
2004). It is
the time the child needs appropriate care for growth, development and survival.
It is
the
foundation of the world’s future and must be given highest priority (Maduewesi,
2005).
The period
of early childhood requires special care practice for the child for good
physical and
psychological
development. Proper early childhood care practices are very essential to every
society that
aspires to raise healthy children. This encompasses such aspects as feeding,
bathing,
clothing, shelter, toilet training, medical care, supervision, among others. It
involves
engaging the
child in social interaction, providing stimulating and safe environments for
play
and
exploration (UNICEF, 1996).
The term
Early Childhood Education has been used severally for children of different
age bracket
who are yet to attain the school-going age.[ pre-schoolers], early childhood
education is
also known as pre-primary, pre-school, or nursery school, among others.
Maduewesi (2005)
sees early childhood education as encompassing the overall social, physical
and
intellectual development and education of children below the age of six years.
According
to the
Federal Republic of Nigeria as stated in the National Policy on Education
(NPE),(FRN,
2004) early
childhood education is the education given in an educational institution to
children
prior to
their entering into primary school. It includes the crèche, the nursery and the
kindergarten.
Here, it implies that younger children are to be taught in informal settings as
in
the crèche
starting from zero to two years, the nursery, two to three years, and
kindergarten,three to five years.
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