CAUSES OF PUPILS’ TRUANCY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND ITS EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION (A CASE STUDY OF ESAN SOUTH-EAST L.G.A. OF EDO STATE
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CAUSES OF
PUPILS’ TRUANCY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND ITS EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION (A CASE
STUDY OF ESAN SOUTH-EAST L.G.A. OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
This
research work was carried out to find out the causes of pupils’ truancy in
primary schools and its educational implications for pupils in Esan South-East
Local Government Area of Edo State. To achieve this purpose, four (4) research
questions were raised:
Is there any
difference in punctuality between pupils from good home background and those
from poor home background?
Does the
attitude of teachers towards pupils contribute to truancy in pupils?
Is there any
difference in behavior between children in good peer group and those in bad
peer-group?
Do pupils
from ill-equipped schools play more truancy than those from well equipped
schools?
The
population of this study was taken from five primary schools in Esan South-East
Local Government Area. The sampling of the five primary schools was done using
random sampling technique. The instrument used to collect data was the questionnaire.
Analysis of data collected was carried out using simple percentage and mean
scores.
Recommendations
were made based on the results from the analysis. If the recommendations are
considered and implemented by teachers, parents and educational administrators,
it would help to solve the problems of truancy, lateness and absenteeism in
primary schools.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract v
Table of
Contents vii
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study 1
Statement of
Problem 4
Research
Questions 5
Purpose of
Study 6
Significance
of the Study 6
Scope/Delimitation
of the Study 7
Assumption 7
Limitation
of the Study 8
Definition
of Terms 9
CHAPTER TWO:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Concept of
Truancy 11
Concept of
Lateness 20
Concept of
Absenteeism 23
The Home 29
The Peer
Group 31
The School
33
The Society
35
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research
Design 37
Population
38
Sample and
Sampling Techniques 38
Research
Instrument 39
Validity and
Reliability of the Instrument 39
Administration
of the Instrument 40
Method of
Data Analysis 40
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Research
Question 1 43
Research
Question 2 44
Research
Question 3 45
Research
Question 4 46
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS
AND
SUGGESTION
Summary 48
Findings 49
Conclusion
49
Recommendations
51
Suggestion
for Further Research 53
References
54
Appendix 58
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
The
attention and the feelings of school heads, classroom teachers,
parents/guidance, educational administrators, the governments and National
Universities Commission (NUC) have been drawn towards the irregular school
attendance coupled with continuous poor academic performance of secondary
school students.
A major
problem facing primary schools is that of irregular school attendance and
continuous poor academic performance of primary school pupils. In the United
States, each state and District of Columbia have enacted compulsory school
attendance laws that date from the earliest adoption in Massachusetts in 1852
to the latest in Alaska in 1929. Students who choose not to attend school
regularly are in violation of the law and are, therefore, the focus of many
public school systems.
The question
now is, is irregular school attendance the violent destruction of academic
performance?
Irregular
school attendance is regarded by Psychologists and Psychiatrists as a sign of
disturbance in students. The assumption is that assessment should be given to
the students by professionals.
Truancy will
be viewed from sociological perspectives. Here it is based on individual
response to occurrences in the school or society.
There is no
really specific definition of truancy. Truancy, according to Oxford Dictionary
“is the practice of staying away from school without permission. A child who
absents himself from school without good reason is playing truant. Some writers
see truancy as all absentees irrespective of their reasons.
According to
Manroe (1998) “the pupil who plays truancy is generally difficult, anxious and
highly sensitive person who need to escape from reality. He also has a low
status in class and has difficulties in dealing with other people there. He
wanders away from these difficulties and in at least half the cases drifts into
delinquency”.
Marklund
(2002) “the typical persistent truant is unhappy at home, unpopular at school
and unsuccessful in his class work. He is rarely an articulate critic of
contemporary society and its educational values. He is usually a child failing
to cope satisfactory with his difficulties and in need of help”. Healy (1995)
regards truancy as the kindergarten of crime. Truancy is regarded by
psychiatrists as anti-social behavior.
Recently,
there was Easter holiday which started from Friday, 22nd and end on Monday,
25th March, 2008 which students are expected to resume the next day which is on
Tuesday, 26th March, 2008, but some of the students refuse to resume at that
day of resumption (A case study in the University of Benin). This attitude is
seen by some of the students as carry over from primary and secondary schools,
as it is peculiar with the secondary schools at the beginning of every new term
or some days of resumption after any public holiday.
Truancy in
primary schools is not only peculiar to schools in Edo state but also all over
Nigeria and outside Nigeria. Truancy is currently top of the government’s list
of educational issues to be addressed (“Ken Reid, Swansea Institute of Higher
Education, U.K). Truancy is applicable to difficult situation but here if focus
on irregular school attendance and continues poor academic performances.
Statement of
Problem
Different
pupils have their peculiar problems and should be considered on individual
bases and help should be given that suits their particular circumstances. This
has been their overall approach to help late comers, truants and absentees.
Upon this background the researchers intends to find out the causes of truancy
among primary school pupils and its educational implications with the view of
providing useful suggestion to eradicate the social threats caused by these
problems in the system.
Research
Questions
To
investigate this research study, the following specific questions were raised:
Is there any
difference in punctuality between pupils from good home background and those
from poor home background?
Does the
attitude of teachers towards pupils contribute to truancy in pupils?
Is there any
difference in behavior between children in good peer group and those in bad
peer-group?
Do pupils
from ill-equipped schools play more truancy than those from well equipped
schools?
Purpose of
Study
The purpose
of this research is:
To examine
the rate of lateness, truancy and absenteeism in secondary schools.
To
investigate the causes of truancy in primary schools.
To
investigate the effect of truancy on the academic performance of students.
To find out
solutions to control lateness, truancy and absenteeism.
Significance
of the Study
The
significance of this research are:
To provide
solutions which can assist educators, parents, educational support services and
the government to improve educational system and reduce the rate of drop out,
improve better performance in the primary schools.
To assist
parents to make decisions that will be useful to improve the child performance
in the school and society.
To assist
the pupils by providing solution to their peculiar problem.
This will
help to improve the educational achievements of the new generation of our
society, especially in Esan South-East Local Government Area of Edo State.
Scope/Delimitation
of the Study
The study
covers some selected primary schools in Esan South-East Local Government Area
of Edo State.
Assumption
There are
assumptions that regular school attendance is the first step to attain higher –
intelligence and success in Education. Truants are always dull in class and
outside school and some of them perform poorly in their class test and exams.
This
research is based on the following assumptions:
Lack of
encouragement from parents causes truancy.
Too much
freedom given to the students by their parents causes truancy.
Lack of
interest in school activities e.g. labour causes truancy.
Lack of
encouragement from teachers and school heads causes truancy.
Lack of god
relationship between teachers and pupils causes truancy.
The location
of the school if too far from home could cause truancy.
The kind of
peer group of the child could cause truancy.
Lack of
educational facilities in schools causes truancy.
Limitations
of the Study
The
following limitation could have implication on the findings.
Financial
problem may slower the collection and communication between the researcher and
the clientele.
The major
limitation to this research is time factor.
The number
of questionnaires used.
I hope that
these limitations should not have effect on the findings.
Definition
of Terms
Clientele:
All the clients of an organization.
Delinquency:
Bad or criminal behavior.
Deviant:
Different from what most people consider to be normal and acceptable.
Neurotic:
Not behaving in a reasonable, calm way, because you are worried about
something.
Phobia: A
strong unreasonable fear or hatred of something.
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