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AN
ASSESSMENT OF THE MARXIST DOCTRINE OF ALIENATION AND IT’S RELEVANCE TO THE
NIGERIAN SOCIETY
ABSTRACT
One of the
fundamental issues of most socio-political debate in recent years is
ALIENATION, which means “estrangement”. This essay will elucidate the doctrine
of alienation in its origin until the era of Karl Marx. Much attention will be
focused on the way Marx conceived alienation, its causes, types and effects.
Attempt will be made to use this doctrine to explicate the circumstances of the
majority of Nigerians, who are predominantly poor.
The approach
will be a theoretical exposition of K. Marx theory of alienation. An attempt
will be made to juxtapose the arguments for and against the Marxist doctrine of
alienation, and how it tallies with the Nigerian society. This will aim at
correcting the defective systems of the Nigerian society. Here it will be
explained, whether the suffering and
the inhuman conditions that most Nigerians pass through can be termed,
“alienation” following Marx theory. If this doctrine is applied to the Nigerian
society, the question will then be; how does the Nigerian system alienates its
citizens?
The purpose
of this essay, is to show whether there is any connections between the Marxist
doctrine of alienation and the condition of the average Nigerian worker. Here,
I will examine the solution proffered by Karl Marx. I will also show that
though his alienation doctrine seems to elucidate the conditions of many
Nigerians, the causes and solution proffered by Marx cannot be adapted to the
Nigerian society. To put it precisely, the solution proffered by Karl Marx is
not workable nor attainable in the Nigerian system. Finally, I shall propose
that alienation can only be mitigated within the context of solidarity.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It has
become increasingly common to hear life in the present age characterized in
term of alienation1 The concept of alienation has become an almost obsessive
concern in areas of socio-political philosophy, as a condition of man in this
modern age. The subject matter has become the isolated individual. The
individual is estranged from other people, the fruit of his labour, and his
self. The alienating condition of modern man shows that we are confronted by
the symptoms of a morbid and acute social sickness.
In this
present Nigerian society, there has been lamentations of oppressions
exploitation and dehumanization. Nigerians are exploited by fellow Nigerians,
hence, M. I. Akimbo exclaimed, “we have done very estimable evil to ourselves
in this land”.2 Thus, a lot of thinkers now term Nigerian workers as alienated
beings. The question, which seems to be cropping up, is whether some Nigerians
are really alienated and marginalized?
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The greatest
ontological evil that can happen to being in its essence, existence and
expression is alienation.3 There has been various attempts to interpret the
conditions of the Nigerian workers following the basic tenets of the Marxist
doctrine of alienation, over the years. The worst part, is the attempt to
proffer solutions to the alienating conditions of Nigerian workers following
the pattern of Karl Marx’s-revolution.
The problems
created by alienation are multifarious. There is a problem of man’s inhumanity
to man dehumanization, as exemplified in the way the rich treat the poor in
Nigeria. There is also the estrangement of some Nigerians; from the fruits of
their labour, from friends and from family. Added to the above is the
exploitation of the resources in the Niger Delta to develop the northern region
of Nigeria. This exploitation is in all regions; employers exploiting
employees, the rulers exploiting the ruled, the clergy men exploiting their
members, some lecturers in the university exploiting their students and so on.
How do we reconcile alienation with global call for freedom and human dignity?
How can man exercise himself fully in a society that is characterized with all
forms of alienation.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The aim of
this research among others is to assess the doctrine of alienation and the
applications of the solutions proffered with reference to Karl Marx, and why
this solutions cannot be applied to the Nigerian society. An attempt will be
made to give an elucidation of a workable solution to address the alienating
conditions in Nigeria.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this research work is bipolar, firstly, it will serve as
assessment of the much esteemed doctrine of alienation enunciated by Karl Marx,
secondly it will serve as awareness to many Nigerians that there is a workable
solution to this alienating condition which characterize their society.
It will also
create the awareness that the solutions to the problems of alienation in
Nigeria cannot be located in the solutions proffered by Karl Marx.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This project
shall be limited to the doctrine of alienation and its solutions as enunciated
by Karl Marx. This is not to neglect what other theorists have said about the
concept of alienation. This work will also attend to alienation of Nigerian
workers and the workable solutions to these alienations or estrangement. The
role of the labour unions’ strikes will be examined to see if it is justified.
The reactions of the Nigerian government to the conditions of the labour class
will not be neglected.
Also, the
applicability or non-applicability of the solutions proffered by Karl Mark will
be examined critically to show how workable it is in the Nigerian context.
1.6 METHODOLOGY
My approach
to this research work will be critical and analytical (a method where the issue
at stake will be dissected and evaluated to show its good and had qualities.
To this end,
therefore, materials to execute the research will be gotten from the library.
This is not to undermine the importance of relevant books gotten from friends,
relevant class notes and interviews.
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