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THE ROLE OF
VOLUNTARY AND OPEN MEMBERSHIP IN INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COOPERATIVE
SOCIETIES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Cooperative
is a voluntary organization that is established within the people with common
interest in cooperative there are some principles that guided the operation of
cooperative business as stated by (ICA 1995). The first among the seven (7)
principle is voluntary and open membership which is the area of consideration
in this study.
The
principle require that membership of any cooperative society should be left
open to new intending members without any artificial restriction it means that
cooperative societies are non exclusive clubs of a few person or as private
companies.
The spirit
behind this principle means that in cooperative societies, members have to view
properly and business enterprises of the society not in the selfish, egocentric
spirit of capitalism but in the cooperative spirit of solidarity and universal
brotherhood. The society must be prepared to admit new members, it is like a
work of social service to mankind, new members may come in and enjoy the fruits
of the society built up by the old and past members.
Chukwu
(1990) says advantage of cooperative openness is that open door policy of the
cooperative not only makes good philosophy. It also makes cooperative movement
to spread throughout the whole nation/world, thud making the benefits of
membership good because of the process of integration.
Again,
Amahalu (2006) says voluntary and open membership makes the business to
increase volume by volume. The more people join the cooperative business, the
greater the chance of the group achieving its objectives in terms of skills,
capital volume of production and sales.
In
cooperative practice voluntary and open membership is not absolute because
there is need for selection, what we have in cooperative is “qualified
openness” not everybody that apply has the automatic right to be admitted.
Dishonest men, non Conformist, those whose purpose would detrimental to the
aims of the society, or who will not obey the rules of the society, such people
obviously would not be admitted.
Obodoechi
(2002), explain that cooperative societies are not complete welfare
organization with business entity there is need for selection because not
everybody can meet the financial requirements like minimum share holding.
Entrance fees monthly savings etc. Although cooperative law made the financial
requirement to be small (minimum) but yet some may not afford it.
Further
more, there is the need for selection in membership of cooperative organization
because of the need for a limited degree of homogeneity e.g Farmers Marketing
Cooperative Society cannot accept somebody who is not a farmer, a cooperative
society that is for a particular church, mosque, school cannot accept one who
is a member of the above mentioned groups.
Again
cooperative voluntary and open membership is not absolute because cooperative
law specified the minimum age for membership except infant cooperative
organization. But the age specification differs from country to country and
region to region.
Finally, the
membership openness is not absolute in cooperative organization because the
guidelines for membership are always clearly stated in the cooperative law and
bye-law of individual societies. Any intending member must abide with the
guideline before he/she is admitted and the society has the right to admit or
not to admit but the right not to admit must be exercised rationally and not
bitrarily.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The nature
of cooperative is to be free for any qualified individual to joint without any
gender, social racial, political or religious discrimination. This was clearly
expressed in the principle of voluntary and open membership, for instance Chuckwu 1990; Amahala, 2006 agrees that
voluntary and open membership make cooperative business to increase volume by
volume, the more people joint the cooperative business the greater the chance of the group achieving its objectives
in terms of skills, capital volume of production and sales.
Equally,
Obodoechi, 2002 explain that cooperative societies are made freely for only
qualified members who are morally and agely okay as explained in the act.
This study
therefore aim at investigating the role of voluntary and open membership in
increasing the efficiency of cooperative society, furthermore the study
determine how only qualified members will be admitted into cooperative
societies, the study equally examine the importance of openness ins society
development. Finally, the study found out how societies can abode the principle
of voluntary and open membership.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
i) To examine the role of voluntary
and open membership in increasing the efficiency of cooperative society.
ii) To determine how only qualified
members will be admitted into cooperative societies.
iii) To identify the importance of openness
in society development.
iv) To find out how societies can abide
the principles of voluntary and open membership.
1.4 Research Questions
1. What is the role of voluntary and
open membership in increasing the efficiency of cooperative societies?
2. What makes members qualify admission
in cooperative societies?
3. What is the importance of openness
in cooperative societies’ development?
4. What makes society abide by the
principle of voluntary and open membership?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study
examines the role of voluntary and open membership principle in increasing the
efficiency of cooperative society.
The
significance of a study of this magnitude cannot be over emphasized. The
government cooperative department, cooperate organization involve in
cooperative activities, cooperative societies of any kind in-coming student as
well as other researchers alike will find this study really significant
especially as they utilize the finding.
The
government cooperative Department and of course cooperative organization
engaged in cooperative venture, the findings of this study will be used as a
basic from enacting policies that will effectively regulate the activities of
any cooperative society so that the essence of the principles cannot be
defeated. Furthermore, members of the public who are interested in cooperative
will use the result of this study as an insight in to the formation of new societies.
It will contribute in creating more awareness in the in habitants of the
immediate community as regard the role of voluntary and open membership
principle towards increasing the society efficiency.
It should
also be noted that this study is of scholarly importance. Student undergoing
research works similar to the present study and other scholars alike will find
this work as a reference material or a sprint board for their own research
works.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study
examines the role of voluntary and open membership in increasing the efficiency
of cooperative society. An examination of how qualified members can be admitted
in a society as well as importance of openness in society development. The
study equally cover an indepth examination of possible problems that could be
militating against role of voluntary and open membership principle.
The research
work is restricted to NNPC-KRPC staff Multipurpose Cooperative Society Limited
located in Kaduna South local government area.
1.7 Definition of Terms
The
following terms have to be defined in order to make the study clear for more
comparism.
– Cooperative Society: This
refer to coming together of people sharing the same interest to establish a
business for their personal satisfaction.
– Voluntary and Open
Membership: This simply means cooperative society is free organization that
allow any qualified individual to join or to be a member without any gender,
religious or political discrimination.
– Efficiency: This means the
ability to do something well or achieve a desired result without wasted energy,
time or effort.
– Members: These are the personal
individuals that come together as one in an association or an organization.
– NNPC: Nigeria National
Petroleum Corporation.
– KRPC: Kaduna Refinery and
Petrochemical Company
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