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SKILL
ACQUISITION PROGRAMS AS A TOOL FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Skill is
very important in the life of every human being. The reason why many
technicians earns more than some university graduates is because the
technicians acquire more practical skills than the theories, unlike the graduates
who were fed with theoretical experiences while in the universities. It can
take you to places you do not expect you will find yourself. Skill acquisition
is the ability to be trained on a particular task or function and become expert
in it. It is really unfortunate that there is a huge rate of unemployment in
many parts of the world today especially in Nigeria. It is one of the causes of
rapid growth in crime in many parts of the world. Today, there are many
graduates in the country who are still unemployed. This is as a result of our
long system of education that is more of theory and not much practical
learning. It is evident that the
continent of Africa has the highest rate of unemployed youths. The major cause
of the unemployment among these vibrant youths in our society today is mainly
due to the lack of skill to back up what they learnt from their institutions of
learning. The time when all these graduates were in school, they did not learn
at least a single skill like; graphic designing, hair dressing, carpentry,
electrical maintenance among others. Assuming they learnt any skill, the rate
of unemployment will reduce among them.
One of the
major Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which Nigeria aimed to achieve in
2015 was the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger with the target of
encouraging the proportion of people who earn less than a dollar a day to
engage in skills acquisition. Skills acquisition is described as the tool for
eradicating extreme poverty and hunger with the aim of paving way for
employment and creating an avenue for jobs and wealth creation that may bring
about self- sufficiency and reliance and contributing to the growth of the
economy in the country (Isaac, 2011). Gumbari, a member of the House of
Representatives expressed his opinion that skills acquisition is the password
in fighting for the elimination of hunger and poverty and even reduction or
elimination of joblessness and crime rate reduction in the society through
effective engagement of youths.
Nigeria is
rapidly expanding her roads network system to improve the movement of goods and
services. This requires not only expert and dedicated workers, but skilled
technicians that will be able to operate and service the equipment used in road
construction. Modern industries are being established in all parts of the
country and many of these industries require skilled and well-trained workers
to ensure that goods manufactured in Nigeria are of good quality as those
manufactured in developed and developing nations of the world. People need
skills to operate and administered government and industrial operations. The
increase in the public and private sectors in Nigeria requires more skilled
workers in the areas of office management, accounting, typing and short-hand in
order to ensure that accurate records are duly kept and that administrative
efficiency is functionally maintained. Roads in Nigeria today, are full of all
kinds of vehicles which assist in the economic development of the country by
ensuring that goods and services are moved quickly and safely from one part of
the country to another. All these vehicles require efficient operatives and
skilled technicians that will ensure that their useful life is extended and
that they are operated safely.
Skill
acquisition is paramount in the education sector because its contribution to
the development of the nation’s human capital and employment cannot be
undermined. Thus an educated man is expected to produce a useful skill that
will be beneficial to everyone in the society. This will as well aid his own
development and increase his self esteem in the society. Productive capacity of
any nation depends solely on the ability of that nation to recognize the
ability of manpower. The development of ideas, science advancement, technological
breakthrough, economic development, political stability, etc, is made possible
by educational theories and practices. Skill, competencies, knowledge and
understanding one acquires will aid the development of the individual and the
nation in particular. One of the goals of education is the acquisition of
appropriate skills and the development of mental, physical and social abilities
and competencies as tool for the individual to live and contribute to the
development of his society. In Nigeria today, there is a need for skilled
personnel who will be enterprising and self reliant. There is also the need for
skilled people who can understand and adapts to changes in the increasing
complexity of technology. People who can apply scientific knowledge to the
improvement and as solution to environmental challenges for the use and
conveniences of man are also needed.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The major
problem confronting Nigeria Youths today is joblessness. These youths
constitute greater fraction of Nigeria’s economically active population.
According to Awogbenle and Iwuamadi (2010), the statistics from federal bureau
of statistics showed that Nigeria has a youth population of 80 million
representing 60 percent of the total population of the country. Also, 64
million of them are unemployed, while 1.6 million are underemployed. This
implies that a lot of energies that would have been used to generate revenues
and improve the economy are being wasted. Youths, like other classes of the
population have needs to meet (Nnabuife, 2009), but since 1980’s the important
roles of the youths have continued to suffer some set back as they can hardly
engage themselves in meaningful work (Davies, 2006). The consequence is
frustration expressed through various vices that constitute insecurity in the
country.
The need for
this study was to show different skills acquisitions by the youth can save them
unemployment that they found themselves with of government intervention through
making loan accessible to them. This study, therefore, sought to provide
answers to some of the issues raised and proffer recommendations.
1.3 Research Questions
The
following are some of the questions which this study intends to answer:
i) what are the impacts of skill
acquisitions on the economy in Nigeria?
ii) what are the steps taken by
the government to encourage skill acquisition among the youths for the
development of the Nigerian economy?
iii) what are the reasons for the
encouragement of skill acquisition by the government in Nigeria?
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The main
objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of skill acquisitions on
the Nigerian economy. However, the specific objectives are:
i) to survey the impacts of
skill acquisitions on the economy in Nigeria
ii) to evaluate the steps taken by the
government to encourage skill acquisition among the youths for the development
of the Nigerian economy
iii) to investigate the reasons for
the encouragement of skill acquisition by the government in Nigeria.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The research
hypotheses to be tested include:
i) skill acquisition has no
significant contribution to the Nigerian economy
ii) skill acquisition has
significant relationship with the level of education
iii) there is a significant
relationship between unemployment and skill acquisition
1.6 Significance of the Study
The
significance of the study is to benefit the youth in Nigeria by making them to
be aware of the importance of skill acquisition in their lives and how it will
help them to become self employed and reliant. It will also show the government
on how to include skill acquisition program in the curriculum activities of all
schools in the country. In addition, the society will benefit immensely from
the results of this study since incidences of unactualized potentials and low
level of acquisition of technical skills are expected to be reduced.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This will
cover undergraduate, non-graduate and post graduate youths in Nigeria but Lagos
state was used as our case study. Therefore, only the undergraduate,
non-graduate and post graduate youths in selected local government area in
Lagos were being interviewed.
1.8 Limitation of the study
The researcher was not faced with
many challenges except for the challenge of finance that made researcher to
print two hundred questionnaires instead of the proposed three hundred
questionnaires.
1.9 Definitions of Terms
The
following terms were used in the course of this study:
Skill
acquisition: This is the ability to be trained on a particular task or function
and become expert in it. It is a pity that there is “huge” parading of unemployment
in many parts of the world today especially in Nigeria.
Economic
growth: This refers to as efforts that seek to improve the economic well-being
and quality of life for a community by creating and/or retaining jobs and
supporting or growing incomes and the tax base.
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