Skip to main content

EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) ON VISUOSPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IN ACUTE LEAD-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN MICE



ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!

INFORMATION:       
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420


EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) ON VISUOSPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY IN ACUTE LEAD-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN MICE

ABSTRACT
Learning is the act of acquiring new or modifying and re-inforcing existing knowledge, while Memory is relatively the permanent storage of the learned information. Exposure to lead affect brain regions such as hippocampus that are involved in learning and memory. Succimer drug or meso 2,3 – Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is a metal chelator which is used as an antidote to lead toxicity. This study aimed at assessing the effect of cowpea (Vigna uinguiculata (L) walp) on learning and memory in acute lead-induced neuro toxicity in mice using Morris water and Barnes mazes. In this study 50 mice (18-22g, aged 6-8 weeks) were used. The animals were divided into two main groups of 25 mice each of the two memory assessment paradigms. Each paradigm has 5 mice allotted to 5 sub-Groups. Distilled water 10 ml/kg, succimmer 20 mg/kg, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Vigna unguiculata aqueous extract were administered orally. Lead acetate solution at 120 mg/kg was also administered orally using canular to induce acute lead toxicity on the first day. The result was not statistically significant in the acquisition sessions and the probe trials for both the Morris water and Barnes mazes when compared to control. At the end of the study, it was concluded that Vigna unguiculata at the doses administered has no effect on learning and memory in acute lead induced neurotoxicity in mice, but that does not mean it lacks total therapeutic benefit. It was recommended that Co-administration of cowpea and succimmer might be of a better therapeutic benefit.

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Lead is a poisonous metal, which exist in both organic (Tetraethyl lead) and inorganic (lead acetate and lead chloride) forms in the environment (Shalan et al., 2005). The main sources are medicines, paintings, pipes, ammunition. And more recently, it is found in alloys for welding storage materials for chemical reagents (Garazaet al., 2006). Exposure to lead mostly occurs through the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Lead is conjugated by the liver and passed to the kidney, where it is excreted out in urine and the rest accumulates in various body organs. This affects many biological activities at the molecular, cellular and intercellular levels, which may result in morphological alterations that can remain even after lead level has fallen (Flora et al., 2006; Ibrahimet al., 2012).
Lead poisoning or lead intoxication is defined as exposure to high levels of lead typically associated with severe health effects. Poisoning is a pattern of symptoms that occur with toxic effects from mild to high levels of exposure; toxicity is a wider spectrum of effects, including subclinical ones (those that do not cause symptoms) (Guidotfi and Ragain, 2007). The amount of lead in the blood and tissues, as well as the time course of exposure, determines toxicity. Lead poisoning may be acute (from intense exposure of short duration) or chronic (from repeat low-level exposure over a prolonged period), but the chronic is much more common (Rossi, 2008).
Diagnosis and treatment of lead exposure are based on blood lead level measured in micrograms of lead perdeciliter of blood (μg/dL). A blood lead level of 10 μg/dL or above is a cause for concern; however, lead may impair development and have harmful health effects even at lower levels, and there is no known safe exposure level (Barbosa, et al., 2005).
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics
(2)     Email Address
(3)     Payment Name
(4)    Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.

OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.



FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420


AFFILIATE









Comments

Popular posts from this blog

ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

  ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS       ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!   NOTE: WE WILL SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE OF YOUR APPROVED TOPIC FOR FREE. CHOOSE FROM THE LIST OF TOPICS BELOW. SEND YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS AND THE APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC TO ANY OF THESE NUMBERS-08068231953, 08168759420   WE WILL THEN SEND THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE FOR FREE   NOTE ALSO: WE CAN ALSO DEVELOP THE FULL PROJECT WORK CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420      ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS     1.     EFFECTS OF SKILL ACQUISITION ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AMONG NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY 2.     SKILL ACQUISITION AMONG YOUTHS: A PANACEA TO UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMY GROWTH IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF AKWA IBOM EMPLOYMENT AND ENTERPRISE SCHEME, AKEES) 3.     THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN UNEMPLOYMENT REDUC

ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

  ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS       ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!   NOTE: WE WILL SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE OF YOUR APPROVED TOPIC FOR FREE. CHOOSE FROM THE LIST OF TOPICS BELOW. SEND YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS AND THE APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC TO ANY OF THESE NUMBERS-08068231953, 08168759420   WE WILL THEN SEND THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE FOR FREE   NOTE ALSO: WE CAN ALSO DEVELOP THE FULL PROJECT WORK CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420      ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS     1.     EFFECTS OF SKILL ACQUISITION ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AMONG NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY 2.     SKILL ACQUISITION AMONG YOUTHS: A PANACEA TO UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMY GROWTH IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF AKWA IBOM EMPLOYMENT AND ENTERPRISE SCHEME, AKEES) 3.     THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN UNEMPLOYMENT REDUC

ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

  ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS       ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!   NOTE: WE WILL SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE OF YOUR APPROVED TOPIC FOR FREE. CHOOSE FROM THE LIST OF TOPICS BELOW. SEND YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS AND THE APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC TO ANY OF THESE NUMBERS-08068231953, 08168759420   WE WILL THEN SEND THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE FOR FREE   NOTE ALSO: WE CAN ALSO DEVELOP THE FULL PROJECT WORK CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420      ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS     1.     EFFECTS OF SKILL ACQUISITION ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AMONG NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY 2.     SKILL ACQUISITION AMONG YOUTHS: A PANACEA TO UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMY GROWTH IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF AKWA IBOM EMPLOYMENT AND ENTERPRISE SCHEME, AKEES) 3.     THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN UNEMPLOYMENT REDUC