GENETIC CHANGE IN THE NIGERIAN HEAVY LOCAL CHICKEN ECOTYPE THROUGH SELECTION FOR BODY WEIGHT AND EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS
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GENETIC CHANGE IN THE NIGERIAN HEAVY
LOCAL CHICKEN ECOTYPE THROUGH SELECTION FOR BODY WEIGHT AND EGG PRODUCTION
TRAITS
ABSTRACT
The study
was carried out to determine the genetic change in the Nigerian heavy local
chicken ecotype (NHLCE) through selection for body weight and egg production
traits. Progenies (G0 generation) generated from breeding parents randomly
selected from the parent stock of the
NHLCE formed
the materials for the research. On hatching, the chicks were grouped according to
sire families using colour markers. The chicks were brooded and reared
according to standard management practices.
They were
fed a starter mash containing 18% crude protein and 2800
Kcal/kgME
from 0 – 8 weeks and a growers mash containing 15% crude protein and 2670 Kcal/
kgME from 8 weeks to 20 weeks. At 20 weeks, all pullets were moved into
individual laying cages for short-term (16 weeks) egg production. From then the
birds were fed layers mash
containing
16.5% crude protein and 2600Kcal/kgME. Data were collected on body weight, egg weight
and egg number. A control population was maintained for each generation and was
used
to measure
environmental effects. At the end of the 16 weeks egg production period, hens
were
subjected to
selection using a multiple trait selection index incorporating body weight at
first egg
(BWFE),
average egg weight and total egg number. The relative economic weights of the
traits
and their
heritabilities were used to weight the phenotypic values of each trait in the
index. The
index score
of each bird became a univariate character, which enabled the hens to be ranked
for
purposes of
selection. Males were selected based on their individual body weight
performances
at 39 weeks
of age using mass selection. Selected parents from G0 generation were used to
generate the
G1 generation which in turn yielded the parents of the G2 generation. Data on
body
weight,
BWFE, egg weight and egg number were subjected to statistical analysis to
obtain
means,
standard error of means and standard deviation using the SPSS 2001 statistical
package.
Analysis of
variance yielded sire component of variance from which the additive genetic
heritabilities
of the traits were calculated. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental
correlations
between
pairs of traits in the index were estimated. Indicators of selection response,
namely,
selection
differential, expected, predicted and realized genetic gains were determined
for each
trait.
There were
significant increases (P £ 0.05) in all the traits selected. Body weight
performances
(sexes combined) increased across the age periods (0 – 20 weeks) from the
starting
mean values
in G0 generation to the final values in G2 generation. The body weight at hatch
increased
from a mean of 30.30g in G0 generation to 33.48g in G2 generation. Body weights
at
4th, 8th,
12th, 16th and 20th week of age also showed similar increases. Body weight of
males and
females were
similarly significantly improved. Mean body weight of males at 12, 16, 20 and
39
weeks of age
were 791.40 ± 8.79g, 932.25 ± 7.83g, 1112.60 ± 11.98g and 1693.75 ± 19.91g,
respectively
for G0 generation as against 825.28±7.54g, 1027.83 ± 9.90g, 1156.69 ± 11.74g
and
2000.00 ±
31.34g, respectively for G2 generation. For females, body weights at 12, 16 and
20
weeks as
well as BWFE were 667.98 ± 6.30g, 791.52 ± 6.24g, 911.59 ± 6.33g and 1330.44 ±
2.141g,
respectively in G0 generation. The corresponding values for G2 generation were
673.94 ±
6.48g,
812.54 ± 7.72g, 939.64 ± 7.28g and 1428.48 ± 3.051g, respectively. For egg
production,
significant
improvements were also made. Total egg number and average egg weight increased
from 75.60
eggs and 41.27g, respectively in G0 generation to 79.38 eggs and 43.18g,
respectively
in G2
generation. Selection differential values were positive and high for 39 weeks
body weight
in males
across the three generations (mean, 302.19g) as well as for total egg number
(mean,
10.74eggs)
and average egg weight (mean, 0.47g) in females. It was, however, negative on
the
average for
BWFE (-5.41g). Selection intensity values for mass selection in males were
2.11,
1.75 and
1.16 for G0, G1 and G2 generations, respectively. Mean selection intensity
value….
TABLE OF
CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
References
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