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EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
STUDENTS IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The study aimed at establishing the effects of overpopulation
on the academic performance of government secondary schools. It is designed to
identify the factors that contribute to the increase in students' population,
find out the students - teacher ratio in government secondary schools and also
the impact of the increase on the academic performance of students. A descriptive
survey design was used, while the population of the study consists of
government owned secondary schools in Owerri educational zone. A simple random
sampling technique was used to select the four (4) schools out of the nine (9)
schools in the zone. The four secondary schools selected have a total
population of five thousand five hundred and thirty (5530) students and eighty
(80) teachers. The sample size consists of five hundred and fifty four (554)
students and eight (8) teachers. Data were represented in a tabular form. A
closed format questionnaire with four points likert rating scale was used for
data collection, and the mean score were used in analyzing the responses of the
research questions. As a result of this research work it was found out that the
students - teacher ratio in government secondary schools is between 55 - 60
students per teacher. Some recommendations were made, which include that the
ministry of education should give quota on the students enrolment in government
secondary schools in order to reduce the number of students per teacher, and
infrastructural facilities should be provided to the schools in rural areas in
order to avoid students' migration to the urban areas.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
According to the Federal Ministry of Education, as at 2004,
the population of Nigeria secondary schools stood at one hundred and eighteen
thousand, two hundred (118200) secondary schools while that of Imo state showed
a total number of two hundred and five (205). Owerri Municipal council had
about seven (7) secondary schools, with a population of Seven thousand, six
hundred and fifteen (7615) students. This figure when compared with that of
1999 which was inclusive according to Federal Ministry of Education was very
high because during that period, it was so in order to attract Federal
Government attention.
The present Nigerian population of secondary schools going by
the above number is almost twenty one thousand, eight hundred and twenty eight
(21828) secondary schools, with Imo state having three hundred and twelve (312)
secondary schools and Owerri Municipal 9 government secondary schools.
According to the statistics department, Secondary Education
11
Management Board (SEMB), there has been a rapid increase in
the population of students in Owerri Education zone from seven thousand, six
hundred and fifteen (7615) students to ten thousand, five hundred and seventy
(10570) students. There is a constant increase in the population of secondary
schools which runs contrary to the new encyclopedia Britannica, volume (A)
assertion. Unlike population of insects, population rarely has been subject to explosive
or collapsing numbers.
Overpopulation refers to a situation where the total number
of people in an area exceeds the available resources. Overpopulation can also
be defined as deficiency in resources development in relation to the available
people Osuji (2008). This means existing resources can not march the immediate
population number.
Evidence has shown that the population of students in urban
schools is on the increase. The steady areas to enjoy recreational facilities,
which keeps them busy after studying is one of the factors that contributes to
overpopulation of secondary schools in urban areas.
Under population of secondary school in Nigeria has had a
negative impact in the Nigeria educational sector, and the output is
devastating in terms of loss of standard and its attendant results.
This situation of over population could be speculated to be
speculated to be responsible for the untold hardship, corruption, social
disorder, poor standard of living, crime etcetera. In this, there will be lower
standard of education, inadequate instructional materials, production of poor
or a few quality text books, congested classrooms and attendant education in
characters (dropout as a product of the so called schools).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
Over the years, there has been an increase in the population
of students in urban secondary schools. This has been consistent, without the
attendant increase in facilities, teachers and infrastructure, etcetera. With
the decline in the quality of education and output, it therefore becomes
imperative to find out whether the increase in population of students' directly
affect their academic performance and identify the causes of increase in
population of students in government secondary schools in Owerri educational
zone and what could be done to remedy the situation.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE
STUDY
The main purpose of the study is to ascertain the impact of
overpopulation on academic performance of government secondary students
specifically, the study intends to:
1.
Identify the students - teacher ratio in government secondary schools.
2.
Identify the causes of increase in students' population in government
secondary school.
3. Find
out the impact of the increase in students population in government secondary
schools on the academic performance of students.
4. Make
recommendations on how to curtail increase in students' population.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
This study will be of immense benefit to students, teachers,
educational planners, government and society at large.
For the students, it will motivate and increase their
willingness to attend school and help improve their performance in school.
To the teachers, it will help improve abilities of the
teacher to manage the classroom efficiently because reduction in the number of
students encourages teacher - students' relationship and leads to effective and
efficient academic performance.
To the education planners, it will be a guiding material to
enable them check the population of students in relation to the available
schools to accommodate them.
To the government, it will serve as a guide to identify the
need to improve the infrastructure available for teaching and learning.
The study will be of great significance to the society at
large as it will help produce qualified citizens that will contribute
positively to the growth of the society and it will also serve as a resource
and reference material to future students.
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