ROLE OF PLANNING AND CONTROL TO MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY (A STUDY OF PZ INDUSTRIES NIGERIA PLC, ABA)
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ROLE
OF PLANNING AND CONTROL TO MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY (A STUDY OF
PZ INDUSTRIES NIGERIA PLC, ABA)
ABSTRACT
This research work is an attempt made
to enforce the role played by planning and control to management efficiency and
productivity. The incessant business and reluctant growth of some companies or
enterprise can be linked to deficiency in planning and control. In view of
these, this topic is designed to guide managers in companies re-focus their
policies towards the utilization of firm’s fund and to administer work. This
work introduces the issue of stating the problems, definition of some
operational items and significance of study etc. finally, the researcher
discussed the procedures adopted in carrying out this research, the summary of
finding about company and recommendation for the company was made for further
research. In the summary of the findings, the researcher tried to look at the
planning and control of PZ Industries Plc by investigating the various
guidelines used by the enterprise. Here it was emphasized that effective
planning and control leads to continuous existence, increase in market share
and profit maximization of the organization. It was recommended that adequate
and qualified managers should be employed to handle firm effectively in
planning and controlling of resources of the enterprise.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
page i
Approval
page ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table
of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1
Background of the study 1
1.2
Statement of the problem 4
1.3 Purpose
of the study 5
1.4 Significance
of the study 6
1.5
Research question 8
1.6 Scope
of the study 8
1.7 Limitations of the study 9
1.7 Definitions of terms 11
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.0 Introduction 13
2.1 Nature of planning and control 16
2.2
History of universal basic education
board 26
2.3 Steps
in planning 19
2.4 The
process of planning 24
2.5 Control
process 26
2.6
Types of plan 29
2.7 Control steps 32
2.8 Solution
to the problems 35
2.9 Principles of planning 35
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Design and Methodology 39
3.1 Design
of the study 39
3.2 Area of
the study 40
3.3
Population of the study 40
3.4 Sample size and sampling technique 41
3.5
Instrument for data collection 42
3.6 Validity
and reliability of the instrument 45
3.7
Distribution and retrieval of the
instrument 46
3.8 Method
of data collection 46
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Data presentation and analysis 47
4.1
Data Presentation 48
4.2 Data analysis 55
4.2 Discussion/Analysis of finding 56
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of findings, Conclusion and
Recommendations 58
5.1
Summary of the findings 59
5.2
Conclusion 60
5.3
Recommendations 61
References 63
Appendix 65
Questionnaire
66
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
project topic role of planning and control to management efficiency and
productivity. in an economy like Nigeria administrators has been faced with
credible problems. Planning as a key to management efficiency and productivity
involves selecting mission objectives and action to achieve them, it also
bridges the gab from where we are and where we want to go. if can equally be
analyzing a situation determining the goals that will be pursued in future
deciding in advance the actions that will be taken to achieves these goal.
Controlling in the other hand,
emphasizes function involves monitoring the progress of the organization or the
work unit towards goal. If necessary, taking corrective action, strategic
planning, setting, objectives, managing resources. The small medium and large
scale administrators experience frustrations when they make their forecast
because they do not move as proposed. The crucial thing in the management is
how far internal prediction are right or wrong in what planners wants to
achieve. Usually large business organization differ in their planning and
controlling processes but more significantly in the way these are woven into
business planning and equally controlling system. It every stage, in order to
ensure the manages effectiveness always depends solely in his convincing the
management on the management of the soundness of his findings on planning and
controlling process.
In management planning and controlling
roles exist to managers and business more efficient by recognizing it to reduce
or eliminate waste. They should plan towards their survival although there
could be many scenarios the manages should always find ways to avoid those
events that would result inefficiency of services as wall winding up of these
business with this background. The efficiency and effectiveness of the
management can be quite profitable and can aid expansion into planning as they
to management efficiency would ask questions? where we what to start? Where do
we go from the starting point? What do we go there to do? Who goes with us,
these question are necessary because without plan administrator cannot lead or
expect the follower to obey them. They will have little or no chance to
accomplish the goals or know when or where they stayed from their paths. Dalton
McFarland defined planning as the activity by which administrators analyze
present condition to determine ways of reaching a desired future state.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Some
business organizations maintain poor performance due to poor planning and
control which effects the management efficiency and productivities of the
organization. Poor planning and control are the factors that limit the
productivities rate and growth of an organization also management inefficiency.
Poor planning and control as a problem usually affects the smooth running and
profit of the organization some business unit have no proper projects analysis and
coordination greater attention in being paid on non productive projects than
productive projects. In some occasion a business organization making much
profit on its subsequent year
but on present stage now are
running
into a big loss. And some others that were before making big loss are now
pulling the lions share. There have been situations where organizations offer
many years of its formation will collapse even though they many be well planned
financed and managed while some other will stand a test of time. Based on this
administrative lacuna which planning is the key problems the researcher now
deemed imperative to write on this topic.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
In
view of these PZ industry (Nig.) Plc is been checked to determined the level of
planning and control that goes on in the organization. This researcher work is
being designed to accomplish these objectives stated on his to determine the
extent to which planning and control have positively affected Paterson Zochonis
Industries (Nig.) Plc. Secondly to investigate the principle procedures and steps
on which planning and control should be based in order to arrives at a course
of action that will lead to specific goal. Thirdly to identify the major tools
for planning and control, and how best fools will be effectively use to achieve
effective planning and control in PZ industries. And also to determine the
extent to which proper planning and control can reduce business failure or
distress in PZ industries.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Planning
and control are very pertinent tool for ensuring the efficiency and
productivity of the management. Survival of a business especially where there are
lots of unforeseen and uncontrollable variable always pull the organization
down. Therefore, a constant and comprehensive step in formulating strategies
plans and putting in place certain appraisal and evaluation system as a measure
to control become necessary. Therefore this research work intends to enforce
and help administrators to appreciate the essence of planning and control of
their limited resources to meet the objective of the organization through
efficiency productivity and profitability. Moreso, it will educate
administrators on how cost of production, price stability increase in turnover
and adequate profit shall remain the overall measure of management efficiency.
In addition to that the importance of this study will be in the development of
using planning and control to help management in making relevant policy
decisions which of well circulated will result to increase efficiency and
effectiveness of the firm. This will in turn help to create avenues for the
firms to achieve their optimum profitability which will be beneficial to the
shareholder, employees, creditors and government including other that many have
one dealing with organization or other. Furthermore, the outcome of this study
will bring life to adying business organization caused by incessant sustenance
of operational breakdown and failure.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Answers
to the question below would lead to the solution of the problem.
1.
What extent has planning and controls
have positively affected the organization?
2.
What are the principles procedures and
steps on which planning and control should be based in order to arrive at a
course of action that will lead to a specific goal?
3.
What are the major tools for planning
and control?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
efficiency and effectives of productivities in Paterson 20 Chonis industries
(Nig.) Plc is being positively affected because of high rate of planning and
control of the management. Planning and control in management efficiency allows
a the manage to estimate costs and the time required to finish the projects of
the organization. However, planning and control act as device that enable
management of PZ Industries (Nig.) Plc to anticipate changes and adopt them. No
business can exist well without planning and control and the skill with which
it’s affair are being managed by the management.
1.7 LIMITATION THE STUDY
During
the course of undertaking this research project the researcher encountered some
extraneous variable which hindered the free flow of work. The information were
generated from staff of PZ Industries (Nig.) Plc books and journals some of the
factor include:-
a.
Time
Constraint: Due to the nature of this study the time allocated
to it was not sufficient which could not accord the researcher the opportunity
to carry some organization that are concerned to this research.
b.
Finance:
Inadequate finance was a major handicapped to faster this research project.
This was as a result of the huge transport cost involved in the collection of
information.
c.
Accessibility:
During the course of this research project, the researcher found it difficult
to have access to the population of interest and as a result, not all the
desired information was collected since extensive visit was nor also made.
d.
Fear of information dissemination by
not giving accurate information by respondents.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Management:
It is defined as social and technical process that utilizes resources and
change human behavior in the desired in order to elicit contribution that will
objectives.
Planning:
This is the defined as the process by which managers analyze present condition
to determine ways of reaching a desired future state.
Control:
This is defined as a process by which manager endeavour to achieve planned
result by matching performance with intended objectives.
Forecasting:
This is defined as statement that predicts something with the help of
information.
Efficiency:
It is the achievement of ends with the least amount of resources.
Organization:
This is the aggregate of people whose objectives are towards accomplishment of
a given goal or objectives.
Goal:
An end towards which one is working for.
Effectiveness:
It is the ability of bring about the intended result having an effect, it is
also the achievement.
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