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PROJECT
TOPIC ON INFLUENCE OF BROKEN HOME ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL
PUPILS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Family is
the child‟s first place of social organization. The children as a result
acquire initial education and socialization from the parents and other
significant persons in the family. Family lays the psychological, moral and
spiritual foundation in the overall development of the child. Where and when
there is harmony within the family, it translates to a happy home for the
child. In happy homes, healthy and peaceful coexistence prevail amongst family
members, which in turn breed healthy and happy children.
Very often,
chances are that some homes are broken that is the members are not
living/staying together either as a result of death, separation, divorce or the
like. A broken home in this context, refers to a home that is characterized
with single parent, as result of divorce, separation, death of one of the
parents. Hammond as cited by Alhassan, (2008) discovered that pupils of broken
homes exhibit much negative measures such as distractibility, acting out, with
time received from others, these go a long way to influence their academic
performance in the schools.
Kenkel as
cited by Alhassan, (2008) indicated that a child in the incomplete family is
socially and psychologically deprived of a father-figure either to emulate
directly or to look for a model of the opposite sex. “ In terms of other
long-term consequences for children, parental disruption has been shown to be
associated with lower socio-economic and academic attainment”. Wiseman, as
cited by Abbas (2010), It can be deduced/inferred that broken homes may affect
the development of the children in all aspects of their life. Thus, children of
broken homes may be emotionally imbalance and psychologically depressed.
A broken
home can also be viewed as to be separated from mother or father, and is like
to lose part of the body (Landuccias cited by Igbinosa, 2014). Life in a broken
home can be stressful for both the child and the parent, and such families are
faced with challenges of inadequate financial resource. Schutts (2006) noted
that if children from broken homes are to be compared with those from intact
homes, it would be seen that the former have more social, academic and
emotional problems.
Rochlkepart
(2003) is of the opinion that the family and its structure play a great role in
children‟s academic performance. Ayodele (2007) stated that the environment
where a child finds himself goes a long way in determining his learning ability
and ultimately his academic performance in school.
Broken homes
may bring about stress, tension, lack of motivation and frustration obviously
these manifestations may act negatively on a Pupil academic performance.
Johnson as cited in (Igbinosa, 2014) indicated that children of unmarried
parents or separated families often fail and are at risk emotionally. However,
this may not be completely applicable in all cases of broken homes.
Some
children irrespective of home background or structure may work hard and become
successful in life. Poor academic performance has over the years become
rampant, more pronounced and a peculiar feature in the institutions of
learning. This has generated a lot of concern among parents, teachers,
counselors, educational administrator, as well as in government circle. Broken
homes, while being a problem of couples are largely a problem of the nation as
a whole.
RECOMMENDED
: SCHOOL DROP-OUTS AS PERCEIVED BY THE TEACHERS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN
NIGERIA STUDY OF IHITTE-UBOMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IMO STATE
Therefore,
the influence of broken homes on pupil academic performance is the major
concern of this study and the need to know the influence of broken homes on
pupil academic performance in the study area. The researcher wants to ascertain
the influence of broken home on the academic performance of primary school
pupils in Paikoro local government area, Niger State.
PROJECT
TOPIC ON INFLUENCE OF BROKEN HOME ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL
PUPILS
1.2
Statement of the Problem
The history
of broken homes in Paikoro Local Government Area dates back to the traditional
days when there were no legally constituted courts to settle the disputes among
couples. Thus differences were taken to the council of elders in the extended
family system. The woman stressed her grievance and the husband is called upon
by the eldest person in the family or village head for amicable settlement.
In a
situation where the unwanted behavior continued then the woman could report
grievances to her parents. The parents of the woman or herself, has the sole
responsibility to seek for divorce or separation. During these olden days,
broken homes were not pronounced and where there were few of such cases it was
considered as taboo; as such the rates of broken homes was minimal in the study
area.
But in
present modern age, particularly in Nigeria, where women are expected to
shoulder effectively domestic responsibilities, but due engagement in place of
work, which prevent them from discharging their responsibilities, in most case
tend to create conflict that may lead to broken homes. It is worthy to note
that majority of the families in Paikoro Local Government Area predominantly
operate polygamous family system.
This has a
lot of implications to the stability of the marriage of many couples in the
study area. For instance, a man who is not economically viable to maintain one
wife but yet gets married to two or more wives through parental and peer group
influence may definitely not be able to cater for the family. However, there is
a global awareness on the importance of home environment and parental care on
pupils‟ academic performance.
The family
being the most important social unit that provides security, socio-economic and
psychological services to its members (children inclusive) is prone to threat
due to rising cases of broken homes such as divorce, separation, or death of a
parent. Hence, schools are likely to have more pupils whose parents have been
divorced, dead or separated now more than ever before.
The rate of
broken homes as a result of collapse marriage is becoming alarming, thus
increasing number of children from broken homes day in, day out. The home is
meant to be a place filled with joy, happiness with lots of guaranteed security
and comfort but it is rather pitiful that average home today neglects its
primary functions thereby causing a lots of psychological challenge in the mind
of the school pupils.
The
emotional and social stress of broken homes may cause hardship, such as
inability to resume classes as at when due, inability to purchase necessary
learning materials, nonpayment of dues and levies, lack guidance and
counselling, monitoring and supervision, insecurity, lack of freedom from
oppression, denial of early education. The presence of a broken home condition
may adversely affect pupil`s concentration on their studies and regular
attendance in school, it may also lead to exams failures and also impede
academic performance as the pupil is unable to take advantage of learning
opportunities at school and at home, for these pupils to be in school with
various psychological home conditions will no doubt be in disequilibrium state
of mind.
It is
against this background, the researcher examined influence of broken homes on
academic performances of the pupils (male and female) in public primary schools
in paikoro local government area of Niger State.
1.3
Objectives of the Study
The study
sets out to achieve the following objectives,
To ascertain
the differential influence of parental death on academic performance of primary
school Boys and Girls in Paikoro Local Government Area.
To find out
the differential influence of parental separation and parental divorce on
academic performance of primary school pupils in Paikoro Local Government Area.
To
investigate the differential influence of parental care on academic performance
of primary school pupils brought up by either the mother or father in Paikoro
Local Government Area.
1.4 Research Questions
For the
purpose of this study, the following research questions guided the study.
What is the
differential influence of parental death on academic performance of primary
school Boys and Girls in Paikoro Local Government Area?
What is the
differential influence of parental separation and parental divorce on academic
performance of primary school pupils in Paikoro Local Government Area?
What is the
differential influence of parental care on academic performance of Primary
school pupils brought up by either the mother or father in Paikoro Local
Government Area?
1.5
Hypotheses
For the purpose
of this research work, the following hypotheses were tested;
HO1 There
is no significant
differential influence of
parental death on
academic
performance
of primary school Boys and Girls in Paikoro Local Government
Area.
HO2 There is no significant differential
influence of parental separation and divorce on
academic
performance of primary school pupils in Paikoro Local Government
Area.
HO3 There
is no significant
differential influence of
parental care on
academic
performance
of primary school pupils brought up by either the mother or the father in
Paikoro Local Government Area.
1.6 Basic
Assumptions
This study
has the following basic assumptions:
That
parental death may have differential influence on academic performance of
primary schools Boys and Girls in Paikoro Local Government Area.
That
parental separation and parental divorce may have differential influence on
academic performance of primary school pupils in Paikoro Local Government Area.
That
parental care either by the mother or the father may have differential influence
on academic performance of primary schools pupils in Paikoro Local Government
Area.
1.7
Significance of the Study
The essence
of this research work could be seen from its scope. The study had attempted to
provide empirical research findings on the influence of broken home on pupil
academic performance. The findings of this study may led to a possible
reduction in this social ill (broken home) act in the society. The result of
the study will complement government effort in reducing rate of broken home
among families. Counsellors, Teachers, educational administrators, policy
makers, curriculum developers and other stakeholders will find this work
indispensable. The study had also contributed to the body of knowledge on the
influence of the home environment on academic performance. In addition, it
would serve as a measure to the problem of poor academic performance amongst
primary school pupils in the country. It will also attract future researchers
in a similar field in order to give a better understanding of the problem at
hand. The findings of this study will uplift the quality of education in the
following ways.
Curriculum
planning; Curriculum Planners will find it handy and would benefit them by
knowing that the general and rigid curriculum that is one – size – fits- all
would no longer meet the needs of every learners. The study has provided valid
information to curriculum planners on learners from broken homes and it will be
employed in simplify existing curriculum.
Counsellors;
the study has provided the school guidance counsellors with vital information
that will help them to guide their clients from broken homes, as well as
educational administrators and regulators. It will also serve as a reference
material for further studies in the field. The findings of this study serve as
useful information that will be used for theory formation in marital
counseling.
Students;
The study provide students with needed information on home background and
academic performance, and this will go a long way to facilitate his/her
preparation to excel in academic pursuit and life in general (economically,
physically/spiritually, socially, as well as morally).
Religious
Institutions; the study also provide religious leaders with needed information
1.8 Scope
and Delimitation
The scope of
this study covered class six pupils from selected public primary schools in
Paikoro local government area of Niger state Nigeria, this enables the
researcher to make certain generalization concerning the home and the school on
one hand and the home and academic performance on the other hand. The study is
delimited to Pupils from broken home in class five down to class one in public
primary school and private primary school in Paikoro Local Government Area of
Niger State.
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