PERCEPTIONS ON VIOLENT CRIMES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA
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PERCEPTIONS
ON VIOLENT CRIMES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA
ABSTRACT
Violent
crime in our tertiary instructions has remained on the increase. Like other
social problems, it has led to the loss of lives and properties. Nobody knows
who the next victim will be. The consequences of the menace are so enormous
that the government, the university authorities and members of the public are
making concerted efforts on how to ameliorate it. A number of factors have been
adduced as the causes of violent crimes in our tertiary institutions. These
factors include poor family upbringing, peer group influence, poverty, and
unconducive learning environment and material gains. This s.udy examines the
nature and extent of violent crimes in tertiary institutions. It also
considered the university authority’s efforts in curbing the menace. The
primary and secondary sources of data collection were adopted in the study. In
the analysis of data, frequency tables, simple percentage and the chi-square
were used. The findings revealed the causes, effects and solutions to the
problem. It is hoped that the findings in this research work would help in
curbing the problems of violent crimes in our tertiary institutions. The study
would also help to stimulate further research in this area of study.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
In the early
years of Nigerian Political independence, when there were few tertiary
institutions in Nigeria, little was known about violent crimes existing in
these institutions. Even in the genera! society, the spate of violent criminal
activities was low. Tertiary institutions especially the Universities were
truly “citadel of learning”. Those who could not afford to train in these
institutions envied undergraduates.
Graduates
were honoured in the society, and they wasted no time in getting good joes.
They were seen as the epitome of knowledge and integrity, partly because they
had been educated like the “white man” and partly because they had been trained
in an environment that was less prone to violent crimes, and sc, they did not
have criminal tendencies (OdiaKa, 1996:9).
The
situation -n in our tertiary institutions today, quite different from what it
used to be about three or four decades ago. Undergraduates of higher
institutions are literally or seemingly besieging their campuses with numerous
acts of indiscipline. Their angry shouts of rebellion and violent protests and
sometimes destructive actions bear stark witness to the intensity of the
growing sense of frustration arid hopelessness.
Violent
crimes germinate and thrive in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria.
Ezihe (1993:2) noted that Universities and Polytechnic campuses in most parts
of the country a. a nov/ battlefields where all sorts of violent crimes take
place. Such violent criminal acts include robbery, murder, violent rape,
stealing, burglary, assault, violent demonstration, assassination, car
snatching at gunpoint and the dreaded activities of the cultists Ezike further
observed that most of the violent crimes in our tertiary institution’s ore
basically the handiwork of student cultists.
Nchekwube
(1999:17) stated that violent crimes in tertiary institutions such as homicide,
rapes, burglar/, office, home and store- breaking offences are now at an
alarming proportion. He further said that these violent criminal acts have
adverse consequences on the academic and social progress of both the University
communities and th -s general society. It is against this background that this
study is set to examine the nature and pattern of violent crimes n tertiary
institutions in Nigeria with particular reference to the University of Nigeria,
Nsukka campus, Vv’ith the view to identifying the causes, and social
implications for vhe institution in particular, and the Nigeria society in
general
Department,
f )N/F/Pharm/0.6) stated that a lecturer in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences was shot dead or; 12lh January 2004 at his residence by unknown person(s).
Another circular from the Security Department of the same University
(UNN/SEC/15/vol.11: 2004) has it that there have been several reported cases of
robbery, rape, duping, car and cell phone snatching on campus.
Between 22nd
of June and 4th of July, 2004, the University witnessed series of crimes
ranging from cell phone snatching, robbery with mask, unlawful possession of
firearms, office breaking and stealing, rape etc. The circular stated that the
culprits are students of UNN. The circular also stated that these are just but
a few of the reported violent criminal activities on campus. Cases of cell
phone snatching, armed robbery and rape, now rank high amongst criminal
activities on campus (Security Department, U.N.N., 2004).
Onah,
(2003:6) in his own work titled “Varsity students injured as robbers raid
female hostel” posits that -the female students of the Cross River State
University of Technology (CRUTECH) were injured, and some of them seriously
injured when a gang of armed robbers attacked the female hostel of the
Institution. Some of the girls were raped and others assaulted physically.
Some were
fractured in Ineir limbs as the robbers invaded the hostel shooting
indiscriminately. However, money and property belonging to these girls were
carted away while expanded ca-jidges of the robbers were found .’ttehng the
building. He further explained that .ome of the robbers were late.–‘ discovered
to be students of the same Institution.
Omololu,
(2005:15) observed that the rate of violent demonstration in our tertiary
institutions is on the increase. In his work titled “Violent demonstration in
Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria”, Omololu further observed that property worth
millions of naira have been destroyed over the years. He however, cited the
violent demonstration that took place at University of Lagos in April 1998, as
well as the Kogi State Polytechnic in June 2002 where students went on violent
rampage, burning down the school buildings, including the library.
He went further
to explain that most of the students involved in the violent acts are cultists.
He also observed that cult-members are usually very violent and are involved in
ail forms of violent criminal acts within and outside campuses. Irritated by
these criminal acts on campuses, President Olusegun Obasanjo in 1999 directed
all universities and other institutions of higher learning to stamp out cultism
from their campuses following the death of five students of Obafemi Awolowo
University (OAU) lie – Ife, on July 10th 1999. It was against this backdrop
that many Institutions reportedly hac many students renouncing membership of
secret cults.
Accordingly,
over 300 students of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) renounced their
membership that same year. Similar cases also occurred at the University of
Lagos, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Federal Polytechnic llaro, Ogun
State, University of Benin, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria among others (Okoro,
2003:18). Nigeria’s Tertiary Institutions therefore appear to be bedeviled by
insecurity of Wes and property. Regrettably, this situation has acversely
affected the social and academic <ife of both staff and students on the
campuses. There is a need therefore to investigate the violent crimes in
tertiary institutions ir< Nigeria, with a view to finding possible solutions
to them.
PROJECT
MATERIAL ON PERCEPTIONS ON VIOLENT CRIMES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA:
A STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
following questions are formulated for the purpose of this study:
What is the
nature and extent of violent crimes in tertiary institutions in Nigeria, with
special reference to the University of Nigeria, Nsukka?
What are the
reasons for the apparent increase of violent crimes intertiary- institutions in
Nigeria, particularly the University of Nigeria, Nsukka?
To what
extent have the tertian/ institutions contributed to the increase of violent
crimes on campuses, using University of Nigeria, Nsukka as an example?
What are the
consequences of violent crimes in tertiary institutions in Nigeria,
particularly in the University of Nigeria?
What factors
militate against effective check on violent crimes in Tertiary institutions in
Nigeria, with special reference to the University of Nigeria, Nsukka?
What can be
done to reduce the rate of violent crimes in Tertiary
Institutions
in Nigeria, particularly the University of Nigeria, Nsukka?
1A OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Generally,
this study is aimed at a: determining the nature, extent net causes of violent
crimes in Tertiary institutions in Nigeria, with the University of Nigeria,
Nsukka Campus as a case study. Specifically, therefore, the study has the
following objectives.
To identify,
and examine the nature and extent of violent crimes in Tertiary Institution’s
in Nigeria, particularly the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.?
To identify
the reasons for the apparent increase in violent crimes in tertiary
institutions in Nigeria, using University of Nigeria,
Institutions
in Nigeria, and the Nigeria government. By obtaining more information on the
nature, patterns, and causes of violent crimes in tertiary Institutions, the
authorities will be in a better position to address the problems of violent
crimes in Tertiary institutions in Nigeria. In the same way, the information
will help the Government to formulate effective crime control measures in
Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria. For the staff and students who are potential
victims of violent crimes in Tertiary Institutions, the study will be of immense
help.
d DEFINITION
OF CONCEPTS
The study
has some concepts, which may have different meaning from the popular or
everyday usage. Hence there is a need for their definitions in the context of
this study.
This refers
to any act or omission, which renders the person doing the act or making the
omission liable to legally prescribed
This refers
to the formal processes and agencies (the police, courts and prisons) mandated
to apprehend, try and detain/co:;ect criminal offenders
Criminal:
This is
‘< person who commits a crime that is considered heinous to the society. It
could be referred io as a non-conformist to the societal norms.
Delinquency
This refers
to a wide range of anii-soc;al behaviour mostly by juveniles, which could be
described as crime if committed by an adult.
Penal Sanction
This refers
to the appropriate punishment prescribed by the criminal law for all outlawed
conducts.
Crime
Control Techniques
These are
those systems and measures taken by the society to check the volume of crime.
It refers to all policies and strategies which the police adopt to prevent
crime from occurring.
Violent
Crime
This refers
to the use of physical force to commit a crime that is intended to hurt or kill
the victim.
Crimes are
designed to ascertain the nature, extern and legal consequence of that person’s
responsibility”.
Finally,
crime is related to time ai.o place. By this, we mean that v/hat constitute a
crime today in Nigeria may not be regarded as crime tomorrow in Nigeria. Also,
what is a crime in Nigeria, may not be considered as a crime in Ghana, but can
be in Ghana tomorrow and not in Nigeria.
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