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EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR
ORGANIZATIONAL SURVIVAL
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE ESSAY
Management study has evolved over long period
of time and successive means of thought in industry and commerce have severely
described it as the basic ingredient of administering a business.
In support of this view Yakubu (1989) defined
management “as a social process entailing responsibility for effective and
economical planning and regulation of the operation of an enterprise, in
fulfillment of given purpose or tasks” while organization have been working
hard to attaining the purpose for which they have been established, the issue
of the time it takes to achieve this often neglected. This situation is
unfortunate and need to be taken seriously by organizations if the attainment of
set goals is to be at maximum profit.
In other words, organization have to properly
manage the time it take to attain their goals so as to reduce costs to the
bearest minimum.
Adamu (1974) has defined time management as
“the art of planning a job, measuring such jobs through reducing such
activities to time elements (expressed in terms of pieces per unit or time per
piece) and monitoring it to determine efficiency and productivity.
This implies that work must be divided among
and between specialist workers with at a time instead of the whole, thus
minimum effort is applied by individual workers and maximum output achieved.
Despite the gaining advantage of time
management or not attention is paid to it by organization.
This evident when one carefully leads
individual workers exclaims that it is not my factors business are also find a
lot of individual working hard over organization are meant of the theories of
management.
At independence, the size of its armed forces
were small and growth was to be a gradual process, and if the influence of the
country was to be yet in the sub region, Africa and the world at large, a
dynamic foreign policy was to be vigorously pursued.
To meet the part of the increasing needs of
armed forces, the Omimi shoes factory was producing boots for the whole army
and local textile mills; rolled out materials for the working dressed of
officers and men of the armed forces. In essence a good number of quarter
master items were already being produced locally to ensure that military orders
for annum action will be met without resorting to massive importation, the
federal government set up the defence Industrial Corporation of Nigeria
(DICON).
DICON came into being by act of parliament in
1964. it was charged with the responsibility of locally manufacturing of
ammunitions for the armed forces, to reduce its over dependence on foreign
countries for its ammunition requirements. It was charged with responsibilities
of:
Operation, maintenance and control of
ordinance factories for the manufacture, storage and disposal of ordinance and
ancillary stores and materials intended for or capable of being used by the
armed forces.
Operation of any ordinance factory under its
control on a sound commercial basis so as to fill the normal defence
requirements of the armed forces.
Utilization of any excess capacity for meeting
civilian needs of Nigeria on the approval of council of ministers.
Inspection and testing or ordinance and
materials for use by the armed forces and duty to recommend for adopting or
rejection as the case may be.
Testing and inspection on behalf of any of the
government of the federation any substance, material, machine or any other
thing intended for capable of being used by the armed forces.
To speed up the achievement of the above
goals, the federal invited a West German arm manufacturing firm of Frintzwerne
to provide the technical expertise required to set up an ordinance factory in
Kaduna, to produce rifles, sub-machine suns and pistols under license. It was
also to produce hand grenades and ammunition for the above range of small arms.
Presently, DICON is running industries complex
in the premises of the old ordinance factory in Kakuri Kaduna south. The
constituent factories are:
A: Armament Factory (ARMFAC)
B: DICON Casting Company (DCC)
C: DICON Furniture Company (DFC)
The headquarter of the corporation is in
Kaduna and is structured to have five (5) directorates as follows:
Directorate of Administration
Directorate of Finance
Directorate of Plan and Engineering Services
Directorate of Production and
Directorate of Research and Development
The DICON has staff strength of 967 it is also
headed by a director general who must be a serving military officer of the rank
of Brigadier and above.
He is assisted by the directors and all staffs
under them are answerable to their directors. However, the researcher will
limit herself to the head quarters which has a staff strength of 124, among
whom are five (5) Directorates, 17 executives officers and 54 junior staff.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Despite the importance of time in the
provision of services in organization, not much attention seems to have been
paid to it. There are those who hold the minority opinion that paper
qualification, not withstand ability to carry out assigned roles (basing time
used) should take precedence over ability to effectively use minimum time to
produce maximum outputs, consequently time management is not given the
attention it deserved, and when used to quantify jobs- it is applied sparingly,
which is insufficient to show results, it is because of those development that
this identified the following problems for the essay:
That there is the existence of ignorance on
part of management as regards to scope and specific use of time saving
formalities. That where such skills exists, the level of utilization is too
marginal.
That lack of prior training of executive
secretaries etc in the schedule of duty, delegating duties when possible, to
enhance output at its end of the day is another cause for concern.
That the introduction of such methods leads to
exploitation of work.
OBJECTIVES OF THE ESSAY
The major objectives of this essay is to
examine the effect of time management on the production of goods and services,
as well as to determine the lessons, if any to be learnt from the results of
data collected through this essay.
However, in specific terms the essay is
address the following issues:
To find out the time consciousness of the
staff in relation to their productivity.
To asses how time is been managed in the
organization of productivity purposes.
To asses the effects of time management on
productivity in an organization improvement of productivity
To identify the problem of time management in
the organization.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ESSAY
Considering the importance of effective time
management to the attainment to set goals by organization, it is hoped that the
findings of this essay would be of benefit to executives, junior workers,
secretaries and future researchers.
EXECUTIVES
This essay is expected to provide needed
information for executives on time saving methods and how they can utilize them
to enhance productivity.
JUNIOR WORKERS
It is hope that junior worker would
capitalized on time management device to specialize and realize lifelong
ambitions by meeting personal and organization goals and objectives.
SECRETARIES
This essay is expected to re-educate
secretaries and how best to manage their time by actualizing in the pursuance
of excellence from lesson gained from this essay.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS
Future researchers are expected to use the
finding of this essay as materials for further studies orrelated studies.
SCOPE OF THE ESSAY
This essay covers the effect and problems of
time management in an organization and it workforce using DICON.
In doing this DICON with large number of
staffs would be utilized to solicit intention on whether or not the
organization are aware of the services of the time management and the
application effect of time management productivity.
LIMITATION OF THE ESSAY
This essay work requires time, and a lot of
moving around. The limitation of time was a major encumbrance encountered by
the researcher in the cause of her work. The fact that the research work
requires the researcher to move around from the headquarters in the metropolis
into the factory complex at Kakuri requires money, which the researcher is
short of.
In effect the researcher had to limit herself
to the corporation headquarters in the metropolis.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Management: Ability to direct human activities
in the production process.
Time: Ability to guage time used to produce a
portion of work expressed in terms of pieces per unit or time per piece.
Tool: This refers to an instrument in
management terms, usually a person, used by another organization a purpose,
aimed at achieving results.
Productivity: Efficiency of works in
industrial production.
Organization: The coming together of
individuals with common goals and aspiration.
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