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INFLUENCE OF
MOTHER TONGUE ON THE ORAL ENGLISH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Language is the most distinctive
human quality and attribute. Language is characterized by a set of vocal sounds
which can be decoded. Language does not exist in a vacuum. It is always
contextualized. There is a relationship between language and society. The
importance of the relationship between language and society cannot be
over-emphasized in the education of a child. Language is a guide to social
reality. English language is one of the languages used in Nigeria.
English language has become a
valuable legacy of the British which has provided Nigerians with yet another
means of expressing their culture. English language is Nigeria’s official
language (Adedimeji, 2007). English language performs numerous functions in
Nigeria. It serves as lingua franca. It is the language of instruction,
language of constitution, language of nationalism, media, Government, education
among others. This is because Nigeria is a multilingual country and English
language serves as a link among the people.
English language is introduced to a
child from the fourth year of primary school up to the university level
(Olajide, 2010). This is clearly stated in section 4 paragraph 19, subsection
on primary education, 2004 of the Federal republic of Nigeria’s national policy
on education. ‘That English language shall be used as a medium of instruction
and the language of immediate environment from the fourth year and French shall
be taught as a subject’. This means that English language shall be the language
of instruction from the fourth year of the primary education.
In Nigeria, much importance is
attached to English language. It occupies a vital role in the educational
system, such importance could be seen in terms of the functions English
language perform in Nigeria. It is an act of political expedience and in
addition, it helps to remove the fear of ethnical domination. The practical
oral aspect of English language becomes even more important for the purpose of
interaction and articulation in our day to day use of the language.
Furthermore, the use of English language
paved way for participation at national and international levels. To be able to
participate in the social, political and economical life of the country, one
must be able to understand and use English language effectively and
efficiently. English language is used for vertical mobility (Adedimeji, 2007).
It enables one to move from a lower social class to higher one. It is the
language of prestige not because the users are more intelligent than the
illiterates but because they can speak it. So it has become a language of
personality (Adedimeji, 2007). The role of English language in Nigeria stresses
the need for Nigerians to learn, understand and make use of English language
proficiently. There is no doubt that interference is the major effect of mother
tongue language on English language.
Interference has been observed as a
cogent influence that mother tongue language has on English language. Sources
of the interferences therefore could be phonology- (a science which deals with
the study of sounds in language) that is how different sounds or phonemes are
combined. Morphology (this deals with the combination of morphemes to form
words, morpheme is the smallest indivisible unit of a language that has a significant
meaning). Syntax (the arrangement of words in a language according to rules).
The concern of this project is on the phonological aspect of English language
(oral English).
Also, there could be poor teaching of
pronunciation by the teachers. Some of the teachers use grammatical translation
method especially in the elementary schools. They often explain meanings of
English words using the mother tongue language. The pupils transfer the idea of
having explanation of meanings being made in the mother tongue language over to
the secondary schools. It is therefore the intention of this study to identify
problems that affect the oral English of students in the secondary schools as
regards the influence of mother tongue language on it. In addition, suggestions
and recommendations would be made on how to reduce the influence of mother
tongue language on oral English.
Statement of the Problem
There is no doubt that secondary
school students in Nigeria are being faced with the problem of mother tongue
language interference in studying English language. The oral aspect of English
language is the main focus of this research. The influence of the mother tongue
language on the pronunciation of English words is one of the problems. The
influence of the home background on the students’ pronunciation of English
words is also a problem.
Hence, series of works have been done
concerning the problems of mother tongue language interference on the oral
English of secondary school students in English language but it was observed
that little or no emphasis has been made on the influence of mother tongue
language on the oral English of secondary school students.
Consequently, there has been a need
to conduct a research work on the influence of mother tongue language on the
oral English of secondary school students.
Purpose of the Study
The general purpose of this study is
to examine the influence of mother tongue language on the oral English of
secondary school students. Specifically, the purposes of this study are to
determine;
1. The influence of home background on the
students’ performances in oral English.
2. The
influence of non-availability of language equipment on students’ performances
in oral English.
3. The influence of poor teaching on the
students’ performances in oral English.
4. The influence of the teacher’s
qualification on the performances of students in oral English.
Research Questions
Based on the purposes of this study,
the following questions are raised to direct the study.
1. What are the influences of home background
on the students’ performances in oral English?
2. What are the influences of
non-availability of language equipment on the students’ performances in
pronunciation?
3. What are the influences of poor teaching
on the performance students in oral English?
4. What are the influences of the teacher’s
qualification on the performance of students in oral English?
Scope of the Study
This study focuses on Ilorin South
Local Government area of kwara state, Nigeria. The target scope of this study
is the secondary schools in Ilorin South Local Government Area. The sample
scope of this study is limited to four (4) secondary schools in Ilorin South
Local Government namely; Government Day Secondary school, Tanke, Bishop Smith
Memorial Secondary school, Union Baptist Grammar school, Gaa-Akanbi and Chapel
secondary school Tanke, Ilorin.
The sampling technique to be used is
the simple random sampling technique. The sample scope is limited to the
selected schools above. The sample scope will be limited to one hundred (100)
students; twenty-five (25) from each school and it is restricted to only the
senior secondary school two (SS 2). The questionnaire will be used as the
instrument scope of this study. Questionnaire on the influence of mother tongue
language on oral English will be asked to elicit responses from the students.
Simple percentage will be used as the statistical scope of this study.
Operational Definition of Terms
The terms of the project work will be
operationally defined by the researcher.
MOTHER
TONGUE: Mother tongue is a language of one’s parents or language of the child’s
immediate environment. It is a language
acquired at birth and which meets all of a child’s needs always. The mother
tongue language in this study is Yoruba.
ORAL
ENGLISH:Oral English is the way in which English language is transmitted
through a conventional system sounds. Oral English is also called Spoken English.
The way sounds are being articulated to give a good and competent
pronunciation.
INFLUENCE:This
occurs when an individual allows the features of his/her mother tongue language
(Yoruba) to interfere within his/her competence in the target language (English).
The proper use of Yoruba dialect on English language.
Significance of the Study
The findings of this study would be
of immense benefit to student-teachers, students, teachers, stakeholders and
Government. This would be facilitated by making the study available in places
where the public could gain access to it, for example; the library, internet
and print media houses.
The essence of this study is to show
the result of the co-existence of the mother tongue language (Yoruba) and
English language. The co-existence will allow students to be exposed to the
interference of the two languages, where the interference occurs and how to
minimize it. The study will help the teachers of English language to know the
measures to be taken in order to help students minimize their mother tongue
language interference on oral English.
Finally, the suggested solutions in
this study would be of great benefits to educational curriculum planners. It
would help the education curriculum planners to place premium on the essential
aspect of the study of English language which would be of immense help in
alleviating the problems of mother tongue language interference in oral
English.
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