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ENTREPRENEURIAL
EDUCATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Nigeria is faced by a
myriad of problems which, despite her oil wealth, inhibit her development and
even threaten her continued existence as a sovereign state. Nigeria’s
socio-political and economic circumstances give the significant indication that
many of her problems stem from an origin of artificial colonial construct which
lumped together a variety of separate peoples. Fragmentation of the nation is
seen as a distinct possibility unless its citizens can be induced to accept a
new sense of Nigerian identity, involving a commitment to the survival of the
present state as a cohesive entity. This would necessitate a number of radical
changes, not only in the political and economic structure of the country but
also in the psychology of the people.
Nigerians have lived through series of administrations
underdifferent governments, and the question still arises, ‘is Nigeria a nation
at all?’ A critical look at what the government calls reform reveals a
personally instituted concept of governance, filling the seats of power with
those they believe to be their kin, rather than have professionals in the
positions of merit, and a breed of people typified by their integrity of heart,
ingrained in the trainings and qualifications they have received in the course
of service to the nation. The increasing number of those who are not gainfully
employed or adequately educated in the country, remain preys as political tools
of violence as it has been seen in the history of violence occurring in the
country over a period of time. The country has depended much on oil as its
major source of revenue for years, however, the current administration also
fails to recognize that the future of the country may very well depend on the
economy of its people(the youths), which is possibly the only untapped, ill
harnessed, most lucrative resource of the country. If it remains this way in
the next ten years, putting into consideration the effect of increased poverty,
lack of employment, poor educational system, it is unpredictable what the result
will be. The table below shows the statistical data of the rate of unemployment
and the population rate from 2006 to 2011 in Nigeria. It is the result of a
survey carried out by the National Bureau of Statistics and shows that persons
aged 0-14 years constituted 39.6%, those aged between 15-64 (the economically
active population), constituted 56.3%, while those aged 65 years and above
constituted 4.2%. Analysis of employment data for the past 5 years show that
the rate of new entrants into the labour market has not been uniform in the
past five years.
The rate was on the increase from 2007 to 2009 but declined
significantly from 2009 to 2010. The rate increased again from 2010 to 2011.
Within the five year period, there has been an average of about 1.8 million new
entrants into the active labour market per year.
Governments, or
local leaders, who are generally not held accountable for how much money is
spent, and how education systems are managed,
Sufficiency attitude – What is provided for the poor is
good enough
 Inadequate pro-poor infrastructure or support systems
this makes it difficult to implement successful poverty eradication
interventions
 A lack of systematic tracking of pro-poor interventions
– in this way, it is extremely difficult
to know if the activities and programmes implemented have had any impact at
all. Nigeria cannot combat the ills of the society just by raising its budget;
there should be a strategic systematic approach to education that would bridge
the gap between its service delivery and its effectiveness in the country.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Education in Nigeria is devoid of the element crucial to
averting the surging rate of unemployment in the country, therefore the
breeding of psychological dependence on direct access to money. Entrepreneurial
development through education will advance the economy of the nation; much
credence should be given to it and ingrained with focus on profitable personal
development. Unemployment prevails in the country, hence, the growth of
violence, poverty and segregation amongst citizens, because the educational
system itself fails to empower the ones passing through it. This should be the
core message of the evolving educational policy of Nigeria which is devoid of a
system of education that emphasizes on the need to culture the country's young
through the knowledge of rudimentary entrepreneurial development, common
cultural heritage, and identification of exploitable strengths of structures,
systems and cultures of others.
Objectives of the Study
1. To appraise if
educational styles arouse interest of students in the industries of their
discipline.
2. To explore the
effectiveness of entrepreneurial development course/training in education in universities
that offers it.
3. To see if the
current university educational system stimulates entrepreneurial creativity in
its students
1.4 Research Questions
Can unemployment problem in Nigeria be solved through
entrepreneurial development?
Is the entrepreneurial development programmes of government
been able to lessen the unemployment problem in Nigeria?
The role of entrepreneurs in economic development is to
increasing per capital output and income of a country?
Entrepreneurship facilitates the use of local raw materials
and other resources?
Entrepreneurship education promotes interdependence of
business in a country?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The focus of this study brings to the fore the crucial need
for entrepreneurial education in Nigeria, putting more consideration on the
educational system, strategies and its eventual social developmental effect in
the society. The study highlights the problems of the level of education in the
country and its equivalence to level of poverty in the society by virtue of
lack of employment or knowledge of how to startup businesses. One of the MDG
goals highlights education as a critical factor for reducing poverty and
dependency in developed nations. Therefore, this thesis contributes to
knowledge by identifying what is important to the economy, which is qualitative
education focused on the needs of the economy per time, rather than the
resolution of the United Nations to increase budgetary details or increasing
the number of people that go through school. This is not the first paper on
entrepreneurial education; however, it is the first to do a comparative study
on what is being implemented by different universities to see its effectiveness
in order to ascertain the strategy which would eventually help for the Nigerian
economy in truly eradicating unemployment in Nigeria.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study examines the role of entrepreneurial education in
the development of Nigeria, its significance in the reduction of unemployment
in Nigeria and including a comparison
between universities that implement para-entrepreneurship educational systems.
The study considered the undergraduates of the current university system, from
levels one to the final year, those who gained admission into the university in
the last five (5) years. This study period is considered to be relevant because
of its immediate impact on the future of Nigeria, through which one can
discover if the role education plays currently will facilitate national
development. The study considers students and graduates of Covenant University,
Ota and Federal University of Technology, Akure as case studies. It is a
comparative study between the two universities; the former being a Christian
private university, and the latter a federal university. The two universities
have embraced entrepreneurial education as part of their curriculums for at
least three (3) years.
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