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INSECURITY
AND KIDNAPPINGING NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In the early
traditional Nigeria society, human sacrifice perpetuated kidnapping. Ugwuoke
(2010: 197) rightly asserts that individuals were kidnapped for ritual or
social reasons. The African traditional worshipers solely believed in
sacrificing to appease the gods. The sacrifice may transcend animal sacrifice,
and the priest could be inspired by the gods to order for human beings; to
accomplish this kind of sacrifice, the required person could be kidnapped and
killed in a sacrificial procedure. Ugwuoke explained that insecurity and
kidnappingwas mainly for the purpose of sacrifice either to appease the gods or
for the burial of a prominent chief or warrior. Precisely, to carry out a
successful burial of important citizen like chiefs and prominent warriors
required human head. Hence, warriors engaged themselves in search of victims to
be kidnapped. Besides Nwadiorah and Nkwocha (2011: 3) observed that the act of
insecurity and kidnappingincreased in Nigeria after the Nigerian civil was in
1970 which exposed many youths with military experience to some criminality.
The above account reveals that insecurity and kidnappingis very old in the
history of man as it is also recorded in section 364 of the Nigeria Criminal
Code.
Though
insecurity and kidnappingis not new, and has been in Nigeria criminal statues,
ransom insecurity and kidnappingis a new trend and was not known in Nigeria
until recently. Moreover it was obvious in 2006 when it was announced that
foreign oil workers were kidnapped (Inyang, 2009). However, those expatriates
were released after paying huge ransom in millions of naira. Since then,
insecurity and kidnappingfor ransom has spread to most parts of Nigerian states
and Imo state Senatorial District is also affected by it. Many people have been
kidnapped and only released after the payment of ransom while in some cases
dead bodies were recovered. Igwe Uche Nwaechime, the proprietor of Mac Royale
Hotels ltd, from Nkanu West Local Government , Enugu State was kidnapped and
slaughtered by the kidnappers. His body was found by a search party at a refuse
dump site on the Enugu Port Harcourt express way (Ugwulebo, 2011). Dr. Paul
Edemobi, the proprietor Paul and Grace Foundation and brother to Prof. Dora
Akuyili, was kidnapped in Enugu on Monday 1st December 2008 from his 10B Savage
Cresent GRA Enugu (Ojukwu, 2011). The wife of Sam Ngene, the then Chairman of
Enugu South Local Government Area was kidnapped on March 2009. Also, Nkem Owoh,
the popular Nollywood actor was kidnapped along Enugu-Port Harcourt express way
(Ugwulebo, 2011). Payment of ransom, tragic recovery of dead bodies and other
facts and events as a result of insecurity and kidnappingshapes peoples
perception of the crime. Furthermore, Anosike (2009) stated that the incidence
of insecurity and kidnappingis a common occurrence in the eastern states.
Anosike also noted that states ranging from Abia to Anambra and Enugu were
greatly alarmed by the wave of kidnapping.
However, in
2009, rebranding project was frantically directed towards redeeming the image
of Nigeria due to the fact that most countries of the world and Nigerians
themselves perceive Nigerians negatively (Dieye and Iwele, 2011: 78).
Incidentally, in that same 2009 there was rise in insecurity and kidnappingas
available statistics shows that there was 512 incidence of insecurity and
kidnappingin 2009 against 353 in 2008 (Ojukwu, 2011: 380). Ojukwu also noted
that the ambassador of the rebranding Nigeria project, Pete Edochie was
kidnapped in Onitsha on his way to his home town- Nteje. Since then, insecurity
and kidnappinghas drastically affected the country’s image and major businesses
in the country.
Furthermore,
insecurity and kidnappingfor ransom posses serious threat to the well ordering
and functioning of the society and many factors were perceived as its causes.
In Nigeria, such factors include corruption among the Nigeria Police Force
(Adibe, 2009), unemployment, poverty and leadership failure (Diara, 2010),
failure of the government to provide basic amenities and the use of cult gangs
and militants by politicians in electoral processes (Okengwu, 2011: 1), access
to large quantities of small arms and light weapons (International
Crisis
Group, 2006 as cited in Iduh, 2011: 126). This study will lay emphasis on the
perception of people in Imo state Senatorial District concerning insecurity and
kidnappingin Nigeria. There is no doubt that insecurity and kidnappingin
Nigeria is in part, a syndrome from many parts of the world- Iraq, the
Philippines, Afghanistan, India, Russia, Palestinian Territory, Mexico, Nepal
and American (Abati, 2009). Episodes of ransom insecurity and kidnappingin the
annals of American history include the case of four year old Charlie Ross in
1874 (Cyntrax, Wilson and Wilson as cited in Ugwuoke, 2010 :197) and Lindbergh
case in 1932 ( Allison, 2000: 110). In the Lindbergh’s case, Lindbergh’s child
was the centre of a plot, the suffering of the child’s parents, and the
difficulties of the police enquiry, were exacerbated by widespread speculation,
misinformation and serial random notes (Alexander and Klein 2009: 16).
Alexander and Klein further noted that in the 17th century, children were
stolen from their families and exported to North American colonies as servants
and labourers, hence, ‘kid’ meaning ‘child’ and ‘nap’ or ‘nab’ meaning ‘to
snatch’. Insecurity and kidnappingwas therefore connected to the staling of
children but the word has come to be used interchangeably with both children
and adults. Nevertheless, past account of insecurity and kidnappingrevealed
that death penalty was ordered as a punishment for insecurity and kidnappingin
ancient Rome when the Emperor Constantine (AD 315) became so alarmed by the
incidence of the crime (Akpan, 2010: 33).
However, the
early African societies were marked with the incidence of slave trade. In this
vein, Ugwu (2010 : 2)., asserted that the weak and the poor were captured and
sold into slavery. Ugwulebo (2011: 26) noted that during the colonial era, the
colonialists came to some parts of the world, such as Africa, took their able
bodied men and women and sold them to far away nations who needed human labour
for their plantation and other services. (Onimode as cited in Ugwulebo, 2011:
26-27) had noted that gun powder, gin, mm and other materials were offered by
the Europeans to the Africans in exchange for slaves shipped
annually
from ports in Nigeria. Therefore, slavery and insecurity and kidnapping were
like two sides of a coin.
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