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EFFECTIVENESS
OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
ABSTRACT
There has
been a rising concern on the security of the country. This project is focused
on studying the effect of Law enforcement agency in the Surulere Nigerian
police force. The study made use of both primary and secondary data. And the
research instrument used was the questionnaire administered to a sample size of
100 respondents. From the test result of hypothesis one, the study discovered
that inadequate training does significantly contribute to ineffective crime
control by the law enforcement agencies in Nigeria and hypothesis two shows that
the effort of the law enforcement agents in creating a safer Nigeria is greatly
hampered by unavailability of modern crime gadgets.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The relationship between police and
citizens must be informed by the ethical and professional principles that allow
for the effectiveness of their function. One of the challenges to community
police units is to maintain peace and. When Law is violated, crime has been
committed. This study seeks to focus on the Law Enforcement Agency (Nigeria
Police Force) in crime control and prevention. The law enforcement agency in
the real sense of the term according to Iwarimie-Jaja (1991:74), refers to
criminal justice agency (federal, state or local) which perform the principal
functions of prevention, and the apprehension of alleged offenders. By
enforcement of the law Nigeria Police Force reflect the ideological interest
and priority desired by the controllers of the state as observable in
intractable competitions.
Throughout the length and breadth of
our nation Thompson (1986), posted that innocent citizens are gripped with the
fear of armed men, hoodlums, and vagabonds who perpetrate their evil with
reckless abandon.
Our society has ever since been
witnessing an unprecedented upsurge of criminal activities ranging from
conventional, victimless to white-collar crime, especially “pen-robbery” which
is now almost institutionalized. Any nation plagued with this magnitude of
social problem which people sign as they pass by make comments like it’s too
bad, will no doubt look for solutions. It is on this basis that Nigeria Police
Force has come to stay.
According to Ogunleye (1976:250,
duties of the police are defined in section 4 of the Police Act as “the
prevention and detection of crime, the apprehension of offenders, the
preservation of law and order, the regrettable, it is only the latter that law
easily punishes because of their vulnerability whereas the former is let go
with impunity.
Up till now the public fails to
acknowledge the fact that the role of the police in our society is the defence
of the right and property of the bourgeois, consequently, the police has been
singled out as escape goat for all the ill of the society. It is from the
context of the corrupt society we all belong that allegation of inefficiency
and corruption consequently levelled against the Nigeria Police be viewed.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In Nigeria today, the problem of
Insecurity has risen to its highest level, corruption, crime, communal
disturbances as in the case of the recent Communal Killings of Farmers by the
Fulani Herdsmen, religious intolerance and the likes in Nigeria is a cause for
serious concern. What nation loses as a result of violation of criminal law
cannot be quantified. Not only is the economy dragged to the base continually,
the image of the nation will need a great quantity of detergent to be laundered
both home and abroad.
Therefore, the important questions
are: How do we rid crime out of our society? Could it be controlled or
prevented? What are its remote causes? The police have made series of efforts
aimed at controlling and preventing crime yet not much has been achieved.
Many people have lost their lives,
property, money and even intangible things such as reputation, joy, peace due
to crime they committed or those of others. Could the inability of the police
to achieve a crime free society be attributed to the socio-economic structure of
our society, absence of sophisticated equipments to combat crime, poor
communication network, outright bribery/corrupt practices among the police?
Hence, these questions put low the integrity of the police and places one in a
valley of indecision as to whether the Nigeria Police Force has the interest of
the nation at heart.
The problems of Surulere Nigerian
police in exercising its duties are both logistical and moral. Over the years
in logistical terms, the force has maintained by the federal government has not
had enough equipment. The quantity and quality of weapons, arms and ammunition
available in most mobile squadron units in the country are hardly enough. There
are some instances where the force cannot stand the counter firepower of armed
bandits. In terms of human resources and strength, the Surulere Nigerian police
is yet to have the strength that can adequately contain crime in country.
Recruitment into the force has been epileptic. Losses of personnel through
natural death, active service, retirement and disciplinary action have not been
adequate replacement over the years. With regard to the standard laid by the
United Nations ratio of one policeman to 400 citizens. Nigeria has not met the
standard. The strength of the force, by the time the then Inspector General of
Police Mr Musliu Smith assumed duty was under 120,000 (Nigeria Tribute 10th
August, 2000). Okunola (1995) estimated the ratio of the police man to about
641 Nigerians. Which is not much improvement on ratio 1:980 as at 1979
(Danmadani, 1979).
The reward and pay structure of the
force is also not encouraging compared to what it takes for one to lay down
his/her life, the security is not available. The benefits are not attractive as
revealed by Mr. Iwendi Haz, police public relation officer.
All these among others constitute the
major problems of the study. The Criteria for Measuring Successful Policing
(According To NOPRIN, 2004). These criteria are as follows:
•
EFFECTIVENESS (e.g. fewer or reduced criminal victimization; higher proportion
of crimes known to the police cleared by arrest; increased recovery of stolen
property; higher rates of arrests which result in conviction; lower traffic
accident rates; faster response time to reports/complaints).
•
RESPONSIVENESS (e.g. higher citizen perception of safety from crime; higher
citizen ratings of police performance in general; higher citizen ratings of
specific police activities; higher citizen ratings of specific aspects of
police conduct such as honesty, integrity, courtesy and fairness).
• EQUITY
(i.e. with reference to egalitarian distribution of “protection” to all
sections of the population).
• EFFICIENCY
(i.e. with reference to cost-and-benefit analysis of “protection” output
relative to monetary, human and material in-put). However, when the above are
translated into their ordinary meaning, the value and worth of a police force
can be determined by:
• The amount
and quality of protection it offers the citizens as a whole; and
• The degree
of confidence and cooperation it enjoys from the average citizen. Effective and
efficient policing in Nigeria: Inadequacies, problems & obstacles Judged by
the yardsticks outlined, it has long been clear to a majority of Nigerians that
the Nigeria Police Force falls short of optimum performance. There is abundant
official and research confirmation of this assertion, apart from information in
the daily newspapers, and there is no need to “prove” the non-optimum
performance of the Nigeria Police Force in the present contribution. Rather,
what is needed is the identification of the major inadequacies, problems and
obstacles that are responsible for the situation. And these may be grouped into
three categories: material inadequacies; human problems; and obstacles external
to the Force.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed specially at:
identifying the strategies Nigeria Police Force uses in controlling and
preventing crimes. The study will investigate to identify problems the police
encounter in combating crime. The study is very important, predicted upon its
emphasis on an understanding of the structure of our society and criminal
activities.
Hence, it will serve as a guide for
eliciting change in social police and practise, which is a desideration.
Hopefully therefore, the various aims of government, general public and the
police in particular will find the study useful. Other scholars will equally
benefit from the study as it adds to existing literature of knowledge, advance
measure in crime control and prevention to the betterment of our society. In
Clear terms, It is the objective of the study to examine the following:
1. The role of The Law Enforcement Agency
(in this case the Police) in crime
control and prevention within the context of
historical materialism.
2. The
impact of the historical circumstances of the country on crime causation, prevention and control.
3. The possibility of our attainment of a
crime free society.
4. Establish position relationship between
the law enforcement agencies.
5. Establish whether a significant
relationship exist between the structure of Nigeria Police Force and criminal
activities.
6. The possibility of cordial relationship
between the police and the general public
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