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EFFECT OF
PROJECT METHOD ON PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The study
examined the effect of project method on the performance of students in Social
studies in junior secondary schools in Jigawa State, Nigeria. The study was
carried out with the objectives to; determine the difference between the
performances of students taught social studies using project method and those
taught with conventional method in junior secondary schools in Jigawa state;
examine the extent to which gender difference affect the performance of
students taught social studies using project method in junior secondary schools
in Jigawa state; and compare the performance of students taught social studies
using project method in rural and urban junior secondary schools in Jigawa
state. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were postulated in
line with the stated objectives. The study was conducted using
quasi-experimental research design. The study used a target population of
12,380 JSSII students from Dutse education zone in Jigawa State. The total of
fifty-two (52) students were sampled as experimental group, while sixty-five
(65) students were sampled for the control group making the total of one
hundred and seventeen (117) students, comprising of seventy-two (72) male and forty-five
(45) female students. Data for the study was collected through the pre-test,
treatment and post-test using a teacher made instrument (Test), which consisted
of 30 objective test items and a treatment package. Data collected were
analyzed statistically through the use of the descriptive (mean and standard
deviation) and inferential statistics of independent sample t-test. It was
found that, there was significant difference in the performances of students
taught social studies using project method and those taught with conventional
method in junior secondary schools in Jigawa State and there was no significant
difference in the extent to which gender difference affect the performance of
students taught social studies using project method in junior secondary schools
in Jigawa State among other finding. Based on the findings, recommendations
were made that project method should be incorporated into the teaching of
Social studies at the secondary school level since it stimulate students to
effectively learn and retain the concepts presented to them. Teachers should
ensure they plan their lessons with equal learning opportunity for both male
and female students in junior secondary schools in Jigawa State.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Social
studies deal with man‘s interactions with his environment. It is concerned with
the
reciprocal relationship between man and his various aspects of his environment.
While interacting with his physical and social environments, men encounters
problems and challenges in him to live comfortably, orderly and more
meaningfully (Muhammed, 2006). Man continuously finds solutions to problems and
issues that arise in his socio-economic life. It is expected that through
social studies man would have been sufficiently informed to tackle these
societal problems and issues. Therefore, the general purpose of social studies
education is to help learners develop the ability to adapt to acquisition of
relevant knowledge, attitudes, values and practical skills.
Social
studies is the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to
promote civic competence (NTI, 2006). Within the school programme, social
studies provides coordinated, systematic study drawing upon such disciplines as
anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, law, philosophy,
political science, psychology, religion, and sociology, as well as appropriate
content from the humanities, mathematics, and natural sciences. The primary
purpose of social studies is to help young people develop the ability to make
informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally
diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world. Social studies is
taught in kindergarten through junior secondary schools across the nation. As a
field of study, social studies may be more difficult to define than is a single
discipline such as history or geography, precisely because it is
multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary and because it is sometimes taught in
one class (perhaps called ―social studies‖) and sometimes in separate
discipline based classes within a department of social studies. According to
National Teachers‘ Institute (NTI, 2006).
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