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A SURVEY OF
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO POOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS IN PRIMARY
SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The focus of
this research work boarders on a survey of factors that contribute to poor
academic performance of pupils in primary schools in Enugu South Local
Government Area Enugu State.
The perennial problem of poor
academic performance of pupils in the primary schools in Enugu South Local
Government Area Enugu State has reached an appalling level with poor results in
first school leaving certificate examination, whereby for over a decade
distinction had completely escaped first school leavers, while credits is
scored with great difficulty by just a few pupils.
This study
is based on verifying the following issues:
Factors
influencing poor academic performance in Enugu South Local Government Area
And
The possible
solution for improving academic performance in Enugu South the local government
area.
The research
paper focused on the possible solution which have been suggested for improving
pupils general academic performance in the local government area.
The possible
solutions were based on pupils, teachers, parents, government, the environment
and society. The implications of the
suggested possible solutions to class room teaching and total management and
execution of primary education in Enugu South Local Government Area were also
discussed.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The content
of Nigeria education must reflect the past, present and future of the dynamic
Nigeria society in terms of the role the individual is expected to play in the
present modernization process. Primary
education, which is the basic of this study, is the education given in an
institution for children or pupils between the ages of 6 and 11 years
plus. Since the rest of the education
programme activities and system are based upon it, primary education, therefore,
is the key to the success or failure of the whole education system
program. Since the end of the Nigeria –
Biafran civil war on 1970, academic excellence has been on the decline. This appears to be more pronounced in primary
schools. Poor academic performance has
constituted a big problem, not only for schools but also for the dynamic
Nigerian society. Enugu-South primary
schools for more than two decades has been faced with problems of poor academic
performance. This problem is mostly
reflected in the common Entrance Examination results. Millions of naira is being pumped into
Education in Nigeria in general are and in
Enugu State in particular.
Notwithstanding
this the issue of poor performance in Education has continued to persist.
Mbakwe
(1980) highlights the important of Education when he says “Education is the
greatest industry in Imo State”.
Statistical report from Appendix 12 of History of Education in Nigeria
by A. Fafunwa (1985) observed that
enrollment into primary schools has been on the increase since 1970. But events have shown that primary schools’
performance have been on the decline.
Primary six pupil gain little or nothing from what is offered to them in
schools and hardly can one see an elementary six pupil write correctly simple
letter, express himself / herself in simple speech or converse effectively
amongst colleagues in English.
Having a
knowledge of the common time table in mathematics is a Herculean task.
In Enugu
State, Enugu-South Local Government has thirty Nine (39) primary schools, there
are also private schools recently opened in each zone and schools for nomads,
with qualified teachers. But then these
have not helped matters. Constant
research in curriculum development and introduction of continuous assessment
are yet to take care of this issue of poor academic performance in primary
schools in Local Government Areas.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Information
available from the Enugu State Ministry of Education indicates that there has
been a steady decline in the performance of pupils in the first school leaving
certificate examination. Data available
indicates that the cut-off mark from entry into Secondary schools have been
lowered to enable pupil get admission into the state secondary schools. The data showed that from 2000 to 2005
distinctions in the first school leaving certificate has been relatively
scarce.
This has
necessitated the basis for this research with a view to find some solutions to
these persistent problems.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Basically
the purpose of this study is to establish if there is actually a poor academic
performance among the primary schools in Enugu South Local Government
Area. Essentially, the study is aimed at
unraveling the factors that lead to the poor academic performance of pupils in
primary schools in Enugu South with a view of finding solution to the problems.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study
will be of great help to policy makers in Nigeria Educational System most
especially in the area of planning and optimum utilization of human and
material resources.
It will also
be of help to students and researchers who might be interested in this area of
study.
The findings
of this study will help in no small measure in identifying the factors that are
responsible for the poor academic performance.
The study
will also avail researchers appropriate recommendations to issues related to
poor academic performance. Through this
study the various stake-holders will be able to understand their various roles
that will help to reduce poor academic performance.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The
following research questions were answered:
1.5.1 To what extent does parental influence
contribute to the poor academic performance of primary school pupils in Enugu
South Local Government Area?
1.5.2 Does these major factors:- Quality of
teacher, laxity on the part of government, Environmental influence, contribute
to the poor academic performance of primary school pupils in Enugu South Local
Government Area?
1.5.3 What are the possible strategies for
improving the academic performance of primary schools pupils in Enugu South
Local Government?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY (DELIMITATION)
1.6.1 This study is designed to investigate the
factors that contribute to poor academic performance of primary school pupils
in Enugu South Local Government Area.
1.6.2 To determine the contributions of parental
influence to the poor academic performance of primary schools pupils in Enugu
South Local Government area.
1.6.3 The Strategies for improving the academic
performance of primary school pupils in Enugu South Local Government area.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study
is restricted to primary schools in Enugu South Local Government area Enugu
State
The
researcher was confronted with a number of obstacles / difficulties in the
course of this study. Some of these
limitations are discussed below:
1.7.1 Respondent
Some of the
respondents exhibited negative characters.
Some bluntly refused to fill the questionnaire or answer basic question
possed on them. While some of them
reluctantly accepted to respond with some reservation and maintained that they
were not in the best position to respond when actually there were.
1.7.2 Finance
There was a
problem of inadequate fund to transport the researcher from her house to places
where vital information as concerned this research work could be obtained. Inadequate finance restricted the researcher
from obtaining certain necessary materials.
Thus, for a successful research work, money is a motivator.
1.7.3 Problems of getting accurate statistical data
It was
difficult on the researcher to get accurate statistical data for his research
work since there were different teachers with different qualifications in those
selected primary schools in Enugu South Local Government area.
There are 39
primary schools in this Local government out of which a sample of 10 schools
was selected.
The schools
are listed below in table form
S/N
NAMES OF THE
SCHOOL
LOCATION
1
Idaw River
Primary School
I, II,
III, IV
Enugu Urban
Agbani Road
Primary School
I, II
Enugu Urban
Zik Avenue
Primary School
I, II,
III, IV
Enugu Urban
Uwani River
Primary School
Enugu Urban
Community
Primary School Ugwuaji Awkunanaw
Enugu Urban
Robinson
Street Primary School
I, II
Enugu Urban
Igbariam
Street Primary School
I, II,
III
Enugu Urban
Achara
Layout Primary School
I, II,
III, IV
Enugu Urban
Army
Children’s Primary School
I, II,
III, IV
Enugu Urban
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.8.1 Supervision of Instruction
Supervision
of instruction is defined as a process or an activity by which an individual or
group of individuals, by means of advising and stimulating interests in
teachers and learners, help to improve teaching and learning situation in
Educational institutions.
1.8.2 Classroom visitation
This is a
situation where the supervisor visits a school for a specific purpose of
observing the teacher and his pupils in an actual teaching – learning
situation.
1.8.3 Performing
Performing
as a process in skill acquisition enables pupils carry out the activities they
have been taught and have been guided on what to do. Performance is an act of achievement
1.8.4 Academic Performance
This refers
to academic achievement of the child.
Any child that pays enough attention to his academic pursuit will have a
good academic performance and the reverse is the case for truants and those
that are academically well owing to their unduly behaviour and non-challant
attitude to their studies.
1.8.5 Evaluation
Evaluation
is a process of ascertaining or finding out the strength and weakness of
students based on what is taught by the teacher under a specified period of
time.
1.8.6 Education
Education is
the process of acquiring knowledge, skill, attitude and moral. It is a process of equipping an individual be
it young or adult with worthwhile values that will help him to function well in
the society.
It is a
process through which societies established to see that its cultural heritage
(values, belief e.t.c) is passed on to the younger ones (next generation)
Education starts from birth to death.
1.8.7 Primary Education
This is
transmission of worthwhile values to children within the ages of 6-11
years. It is education given to a child
from the age of 6 – 11 years. Which help the child to master the three (3)
RS-reading, writing and arithmetics.
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