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THE NIGERIA
PRESSS AND IT’S INFLUENCE ON FREE AND FAIR ELECTION IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
According to Adamun Ogunsanwo
(2002), Election is a festival of democracy. It fosters an inclusive state;
democracy rooted in popular sovereignty and sustainable peace and tests the
competitive strength of political parties and leaders through programme and
ideologies. In this context, it is important for the press to keep the hope of
citizens’ by serving key roles in democratic initiatives, democratic
consolidation, democratic expansion and democratic system.
Since the press is the prime
channel of transmitting electoral message, politics will be played out
increasingly in communication space. Press can contribute to ease the nation’s
transition process by creating election friendly environment, democratizing the
public sphere and legitimizing political initiatives Iredia T.O. (2007). These
factors are essential to strengthen the integrative capacity of the political
system and its external adaptability and open the citizens’ mind to universal
principles of democracy human rights and rule of law. But, the public function
of the press is largely contingent on its own framework of ownership, finance,
control and regulation.
Politicians talk more to the press
than among themselves. It is the press that shapes their over all cognitive
understanding about politics. A strong identification of citizens with
political parties steered by the press provides greater motivation to vote and
engage in politics. But, party is only a part of society, not the whole.
The articulation of partisan
contents marks the partial reporting of political truth. It mirrors only the
ideological representation of society and contributes less to democratic
well-formation. Citizenship begins with the membership of the state; therefore,
Civic responsibility of the press requires a contribution to public opinion
formation Iredia T.O. (2007). In this process the press has to provide civic
awareness to citizens, equip them with participatory information and resources,
stimulate active public engagement and foster meaningful dialogue and ownership
of public in the agenda setting of post-election process.
Familiarization of citizens with
various ideas and issues such as knowledge about the transition management,
objectives of the election, election system and processes, registration of
voters, nomination of candidates, transparency of election process, neutrality
of electoral and security officials, monitoring of code of conduct, roles of
various agencies in improving the election environment, monitoring of human
rights, redesigning the state, inclusive dispensation, durable peace etc is
essential to provide the citizens a greater measure of free will and
self-confidence and enable them to use their own political choice.
The press has to work together with
civil society and citizens to prevent electoral malpractices, such as vote
buying and selling, character assassination of candidates, belittling national
sensitiveness, social harmony and decent voting behavior, abuses of the state
and market power, etc and enthuse in citizens a sense of reason, conscience and
civic responsibility Adedeji, A. (1991). The ability of the press in doing so
places it in a esteemed position to make political with sufficient bearing for
the nation and people.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
The press is to serve the governed,
not the governors. The government power to censor the press was abolished so
that the press would remain free to censure the government. The press is
protected so that it could bare the secrets, of government and inform the
people, only a free and restrained press can effectively expose deception in
government. And paramount among the responsibilities of a free press is the
duty to prevent any part of the government from deceiving the people
The work will therefore show to
large extent the relevance and the role of press to live up to its
responsibility to educate and enlighten members of the public about democratic
principles and avoid adopting a sensational or divisive approach in coverage of
political issues.
1.3
Objectives of the Study
The
following objectives were proposed to guide this study:
1. This
study has sought to examine the social responsibility of the press in
maintaining free and fair election.
2. The
impetus for the study is the reoccurring debate about the role of the press in
a free and fair election.
3. The study
is therefore concerned with assessing the problems and challenges face by the
press in maintaining free and fair election, the political election and the
general contribution of the Nigeria press to a stable policy.
1.4 Research
Questions
The study is intended to answer the
following questions; what extent are the roles of the press in a free and fair
election?
1. To what extent has the press been
socially responsible?
2. To what extent can government and people
assist the press playing its role? To ensuring free and fair election?
3. What are the problems and the future
challenges?
1.5
Significance of the Study
The issue of
media influence on audience has always attracted the interest of researchers.
This study, may establish empirically the extent of the Nigerian Press'
influence in ensuring that all activities involved in elections is transparent
and free and fair indeed, through the use of all the traditional mass
communication technologies and social media platforms.
1.6
Scope/Limitations of the Study
The project has been able to touch
various aspects concerning the topic “The role of press in a free and fair
election” but there were some factors that led to setback and constraints in
getting facts arid material for the project. The first limitations of this
study are financial constraint, time constraint and lack of adequate materials
for the study. During the course of sourcing for materials the researcher faced
a lot of financial difficulties and also lack of relevant textbooks for review.
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