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THE MASS
MEDIA OWNERSHIP POLICIES AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF NIGERIAN JOURNALIST
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Media as a
watchdog and the mirror of the nation perform crucial roles in the society and
as well it is influence in its editorial policy. In trying to understand what
mass medians, lazar field and Kendal insist that mass is truly applicable to
the medium of radio for it more than other media in reaching all groups of the
population uniform’’ but before we proceed with this work, we will include not
only the mechanical devices that transmit and sometimes, messages (TV cameras,
radio microphones, printing press) but also the institution that use these
machines to transmit messages. When we talk about the mass media of television,
radio, newspaper, magazine, sound recoding and film, we will be referring to
the people, the policies the organization and the technology that go into
productions mass communication. Dominick (1987)
For the
purpose of courvinence in this work we shall limit the fem. Mass media to those
opencast that posses the capacity to reach league audiences simultaneously,
this, then leaves us with the television medium, The radio medium, the brokers
media. Television media is relatively owner then the radio and point, but it
posses peculiar. Characters that place on it a distracter, especially in development
orientation the two characteristic often described as TV advantages are the
visual and the audience qualification. To gratify assess the performance of
television as a means to an end; such factor is the social contest within what
communication occurs. It is adequate to wear that in Nigeria, for example, the
number of television station sine independence has grown to almost thirty-six
stations (both stake, federal and privately owned ones); but these cannot be
equaled to exposure and the use of which television programmers have been put
to, by Nigerian media audience. Inspire of the above figures that appear
encoring, by the third world Nigeria situation is shill a far cry from the UMES
Co minima’s standards of mass media establishment and use. UNES Co stipulates
that every Country should meet up with what it considers as the minimal
standards of mass media demand. Radio is another medium in third world country
because it really reaches the masses. In Nigeria for example the use of radio a
source of information is truly evidences even among neural dwellers who make up
majority of the country’s population (okunna, 1992, sob wale and sogbamu 1984,
more 1981). The radio, no doubt is enjoying gather popularity especially among
the rural population because of its reach and also because of its bluing
earlier to the media scene than television whether reach alone can actually
amount to proper use of the radio medium will again call back the issue of the
relationship between message dissemination and message reception since radio is
widely diffused and readily accessible even in peripheral areas, it can span
large audience at low cost. And because it reaches moral rural people in the
third world than any other medium. Its potential to bring about increases in knowledge
and provide motivation for shift in practices is considerable. And for it to
meet media goals, it should be used in such a way that it is close, indeed,
very close to the people. A situation where some people are cut off radio
reach, as it the case in Nigeria is to san the least unacceptable. In using the
radio, there is need for physical decentralization and democratization of the
radio media moving the radio media structure to where they can make more direct
contort with a greater percentage of the media audience and the ownership
should be re-structured to allow for the participatory communication approach
to be discussed later in full. Print medium is another part of mass media; it
involves printed materials like newspaper, magazine journals, bulletins
gazettes books etc. Although the whole range of printed material are important
aspects of the print media. The newspaper and the magazines have come to enjoy
greater popularity when the print media are considered as means for mass
mobilization and development nothing brings out more clearly the importance of
newspaper than Jefferson’s preference ‘were it left to me to decide whether we
should have a government without newspaper, or newspaper without government, I
should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter (Jefferson 1987) the earliest
forerunner of the modern newspaper originated in china as long as 500 AD. Since
then the newspaper has under one a lot of changes to appear in the shape it
does to day. The newspaper has also proliferated all over the world.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study
would attempt to explain the mass media, ownership policies and ethical
problems of the Nigerian journalist.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Based on the research made,
sponsorship of the media house, its control and recruitment of its principal
staff have formed the influential factors consequent upon the editorial policy
of the media house since the owner(s) of the media house usually does or do the
afore-stated factors. The media ownership have therefore in some ways
influenced the editorial policy and this has posed problems to journalism as a
trade. In this case, the editorial writing has to function with the policy
framework and editorial principles. Nothing runs the editor down as having the
option of either doing it the way the policy dictates or he resigns or
otherwise sacked.
Influence of media ownership on
editorial policy have made many newspapers to collapse in operations and have
also made them to lose their readership grip. In the case of a Announcer
Newspapers, as a privately owned Newspaper, if it does not have so many
policies that usually affect its readership except that its front and back page
stories are centered on Imo state. Often times, it faces the stiff competition
of the national and other local newspapers. Again, people from other state
would always see the purchase of the newspaper as a waste since it does not
usually spread its tentacles. According to the staff of “Announcer Newspaper”, the publisher (owner)
brings to production room when it is already time for production. This delays
production of the paper.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This work is
aimed at highly hectoring the ways by which media ownership influences
editorial policy of newspaper and ethical problems of Nigeria journalist.
To give same
information on the (based on research influence) editorial policy has gone in
destroying journalistic principles. Vis-à-vis the consequence of such case.
It would
also act as a audit Turing factor and would go as much as proffering solution
forwards checking these excises.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
To use this
woke to attract some legislation amends and stop totally about friend, which is
not for the good of Nigerian society.
1.6 RESEARCH OUESTIONS
In this
study, an attempt would be sufficiently made to answer the following questions.
Does the media ownership factor influence editorial policy of a private
(Newspaper) medium? Can the job of the journalism be used to check the
influence of media ownership on editorial policy?
1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
HI: Media ownership factor influences
editorial policy of a private medium.
HO: Media ownership factor cannot influence
editorial policy of a private medium. (Like Announcer newspaper).
H2: Job security of the journalist in private
newspaper house can be guaranteed.
HO: Job security of the journalist in private
newspaper house can not, be guaranteed. H3: Ethics of journalism can be used to
check the influence of the media ownership on the editorial policy.
1.8 DEFINATION OF TERMS
In this
area, certain key word will be explained into conceptual and operation
definition.
1.MEDIA
OWNERSHIP PATTERN: The act of seething up or establishing a medium by a person
or group of passions and or the government.
2.EDITORIAL
CONTENT: A guide for the publication of stories in newspaper or magazines. It
is the path a newspaper elects to follow as it answers the two basic question
what shall we publish? How shall we publish?
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