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THE EFFECT
OF TEACHERS’ STRESS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SOME SELECTED SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The study
examined the influence of teachers’ stress on the academic performance of
students in selected secondary schools in Oshodi Local Government Area of Lagos
State. The descriptive research survey design was employed for the assessment
of the opinions of the selected respondents with the use of the questionnaire.
One hundred
and twenty (120) respondents using random sampling technique were used in this
study. Four null hypotheses were formulated and tested in this study using the
independent t-test for hypothesis one and the Pearson product moment
correlation statistical tools for hypotheses 2, 3 and 4 at 0.05 level of
significance.
At the end
of the analyses, the following results were obtained:
- Hypothesis one found that
there is a significant influence of teachers’ stress on students’ academic
performance in school.
- Hypothesis two revealed
that a relationship exists between the causes of teachers’ stress and students’
academic performance in the school.
- In hypothesis three, it
revealed that there is a significant relationship between the effect of stress
in the society and the students’ academic performance in the school.
- Finally, it was indicated
in hypothesis four that a relationship exists between teachers’ emotional
stress and students’ academic performance in schools.
Based on
these findings, certain recommendations were made.
- Teachers should not be
over-loaded with work in their daily teaching professions, rather, teachers, to
avoid stressful conditions, should ensure that they do not take their work home
that is, uncompleted work home. They should stop their work at the end of the
day in their offices rather than continuing with them at home.
- The large class size in
our secondary schools is the bane of high academic achievement of students and
it contributes to the stressful condition of the teachers.
- Government should ensure
that the provision on National Policy of Education (NPE) on teacher – student
ratio should be maintained. Government should ensure that more teachers are
employed to teach the large enrolment of children in our schools.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the Study The
phenomenon stress has been studied extensively (Asmussen and Mazon, 1978;
Karlson 1979; Jones Bigland, Ritcine and Edward, 1979 and Ikulayo, 1987). From
different perspectives based on the results of numerous scientific researchers
is now a general consensus that stress is not only can hinder performance
basically in all fields of human endeavour, it can also cause harm and damages
to the body if not properly managed. When most people talk about stress at home
or stress on the job they are talking about mental, physical and stress
actually can make negative contribution to performance. Stress is not a bad
phenomenon or a good phenomenon. Stress depends on individuals and the way they
perceive it. Looking at stress and man, man is made of three diverse but
inter-related components that is the physical body, the soul and the spirit.
Stress and the three components are so linked to each other that one, affects
the others. Stress in individuals is viewed as any interference that disturbs a
person’s health, mental and physical well being. It occurs when the body is
required to perform beyond its normal range of capabilities. The results become
harmful to individuals, families, students, teachers and society at large.
Stress comes in various forms. At one time or the other, individuals experience
a particular stress, these are Eustress, Hyper-Stress, Hypo-stress and
distress. Eustress is characterized with the state of uphoria, happiness as a
result of good news, promotion, passing examination etc. Distress is viewed as
with anxiety, frustration and anger. Hypostress has the features of boredom,
fatigue, lack of stimulation while Hyperstress which is characterized with over
excitation, coping with many things at the same time which eventually leads to
systematic failure. However, the causes of stress are not far fetched. A
stressor is anything that causes stress – death of spouse, divorce, marital
separation, death of love ones, death of close friend, death of close family
member, personal, marital reconciliation, pregnancy, business adjustment,
instability at work, schools financial state, church activities. When people
are under severe emotional or mental stress, they face much higher risk of
heart attack and sudden cardiac arrest and death than those people who have
healthy arteries and less stress (Adeyemi, 2000). What are the causes of stress
in Nigeria? Nigeria is a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic society. Some of the
factors identified as the causes of stress in Nigeria include our cultural
influence, economy, our life pattern, too many friends, fear of ageing and
death, lack of motivation at the work place. Effects of stress may come in many
forms on individuals under severe stress who may become absent minded. This is
not because there is nothing on their mind but because the mind is stressed up
with too many things. Stress leads to loss of concentration, forgetfulness,
inability to perform, individuals becomes hypersensitive, restless, confused
with so many thoughts coming into the head. Sometimes they become irritated and
become quarrelsome if the individual is a teacher there is no way the students
can perform well academically (Ayo, 1994). Teachers perception of the
profession and the societal negative attitude to the teaching job have placed
them under stressful situations because of poverty all of these have a spiral
effect on the students’ academic performance in Oshodi Local Government. 1.2
Statement of the Problem The study is designed to address the effects of
teachers; stress on students’ academic performance. There is no doubt that
teachers in this part of the world experience more stressful situation than
their colleagues in other parts of the world especially the developed nations.
Teachers’ perception of the teaching profession and societal negative attitudes
to teaching job have placed us under undue stressful situations. Teachers are
generally under paid, they receive small pay among their contemporaries in the
country. They are unable to rent a house of their choice, not able to meet
basic responsibilities of their family, low self esteem, inability to cope with
problem students in the class, too much workload in the area of lesson notes,
marking, recording or grading, teaching, jealous among colleagues, job
insecurity, all of these are enough for teachers in schools to be stressful and
therefore have effect on the students’ academic performance. Notable among
these are absent-minded, fatigue as an adage says “a hungry man is an angry
man”, which results to low performance, loss of concentration. When an
individual becomes hypersensitive, restless, confusion set into his head. The
blood pressure rises severely and causes an individual analgesic at times have
a nagging headache which do not respond to common analgesic, stomach disorder such
as diarrehoea, constipation, general body pains which may be worse at regions.
However, when these effects of stress are telling much on the body, the teacher
concerned experience hyper excitation or depression or high blood pressures,
drying of the throat and mouth under these conditions, the teacher has nothing
to offer the students but just like a mere image in front of the classroom.
Teachers experience such effects of stress like grinding of teeth, sweating,
frequent need to urinate, diarrhoea, indigestion, tension, pain of the neck,
compulsive eating, increase of smoking which are all symptoms of stress and
cannot achieve success rather than the opposite on the student’s academic
performance. It has now come to the time to address this issue once and for
all, to look at the exact meaning of stress to teachers, analyse the possible
causes and prefer remedies to this effects of stress. 1.3 The Purpose of the Study The objectives
of the study are to: investigate into the term ‘stress’ and the various forms
of stress. The researcher will also look into the possible causes of stress to
teachers and also look into the effect of teachers’ stress on the students’
academic performance in schools. More significantly, the study will also press
upon to know how to manage or remedies to stress when it comes. 1.4 Research Questions The study will
provide answers to the following questions: 1) What are the effect of teachers’
stress on students’ academic performance in schools? 2) Are there any causes of stress to
teachers in government schools? 3)
Does stress have effect on the society? 4) Can we have solution or remedies to
the effect of stress to teachers in schools? 1.5 Research Hypotheses The following hypotheses
stated in null forms will be tested in this study: 1) Teachers’ stress will not have
effect on students’ academic performance. 2) Relationship does not exist between
the causes of teachers’ stress and students’ academic performance. 3) There will be no relationship
between the effect of stress in the society and the students’ academic
performance. 4) Relationship
does not exist between teachers’ emotional stress and students’ academic
performance. 1.6 Significance of
the Study This study will be beneficial to the following people listed below:
1) Teachers – Teachers who have
stress as a result of their workloads in the school will benefit from the
findings and recommendations of this study, in that, it will help them discover
some of the problems caused by stress and how best to avoid them. Many teachers
through this study would understand more about the effect of stress such as
ill-health which may lead to low performance at work and even death. Thus, they
would avoid those conditions that can lead them to be stressed up. 2) Students – Students at all levels
would benefit from this study as it will enable them to identify those
stressful conditions that are associated with their studies and learn how best
to avoid them or even how to manage stressful condition as stress is one
unavoidable issues of life. 3)
Government – Government especially the Ministry of Education, will
through this study have deeper insight into the ugly effects of stress on the
teaching and learning process of both teachers and students in the school
system. It will also benefit other workers outside the teaching profession. The
findings and recommendations of the study would enable governments to formulate
education policies that would not be so stressful to the workers and students
in the school system. 4) The
School Authority – The school authority will be able to gather necessary
information on the effects of stress on teachers and students learning outcomes
in the school sector and find remedies to the problem. 5) The Society – The society and new
researchers will also benefit from this study immensely because it serves as a
reference material to them and will give them great insight into the effect of
stress of teachers, and academic performance of students. 1.7 Scope of the Study The study will cover
the effects of teachers’, stress on the academic performance of students in
selected secondary schools in Oshodi Local Government Area of Lagos State.
1.8 Definition of Terms The
following operational terms will be defined in this study: 1. Stress – According to Anozie (1990)
stress refers to a negative feeling or unpleasant emotional state resulting
from studying or carrying out a learning task as a student and carrying out a
teaching task as a teacher. It is a recognise to a challenging demand or event.
For example, teachers performance, their teaching duties under stressful
situation such as lack of conducive environment where there is short fall of
the supply of equipment and other school facilities necessary for carrying out
quality teaching and learning. As a result of this, teachers under harrowing
tasks performing their teaching jobs and this causes them to do their work in a
manner devoid of accuracy and qualitativeness. 2. Environment – As Ayodele (1974)
puts it, this refers to all the surrounding conditions which influence growth
and development. The natural conditions such as air, land, water in which man
lives. This implies that the environment in which teachers, especially, at the
public school sector do their work is nothing to write home about. For example,
the school environment in many schools in Lagos State do not give anybody the
cause to clear. This is because, in many schools today. There is the problem of
classrooms in which students are taught in an overcrowded room between 50 – 80
students. This conditions does not give the teaching the opportunity to fully
express himself, neither does it give it room to assess the children according
to the school rules. This has cause the teacher to perform his/her work
unaccomplished and this has affected the academic performance of the students
who learn under such conditions. Also the government does not give the teacher
the enabling environment to perform his/her work and this has created so many
loop-holes in the teaching and learning process.
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