INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON THE PERCEPTION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS TOWARDS THE INCLUSION OF HIV/AIDS EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES ON THE PERCEPTION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS TOWARDS THE INCLUSION OF
HIV/AIDS EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
Health is wealth is a common
saying among the people. For people to live a healthy life many precautions
will have to be taken. The health condition of the people is of great concern
to government and people who are involved in health care delivery. One of the
health problems facing our society now is the problem of HIV/AIDS which has
become epidemic. Reproductive health programmes has been given a considerate
focus in the health policies. The problem of AIDS has become a global one for
the United Nation Organisation (UNO) has declared December 1st of every year
the World AIDS Day. This Day was first marked on 1stDecember 1998. This is an
effort to raise awareness to the unending epidemic. Statistics from the 2003
edition of the AIDS epidemic by UNAIDS shows that Two million dies of AIDS
related causes in 2002. Efforts are being made to find solution to this
problem. HIV/AIDS has claimed the lives of 25 million people since the start of
the epidemic according to greater than one organisation. The havoc HIV/AIDS has
caused to human being is monumental. The situation is worse in African Nations
because of the poverty level. This problem has been a source of worries to many
African leaders and government as well. According to Mandela (2002) “AIDS today
in Africa is claiming more lives than the sum total of all wars, famines and
floods, and the ravages of such deadly diseases as malaria. It is devastating
families and communities, overwhelming and depleting health care services, and
robbing schools of both students and teachers”. Therefore, this study
investigate how teachers of Science perceive the inclusion of HIV/AIDS
Education in secondary schools as one way being advocated for solution to the
HIV/AIDS epidemic through education.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) which causes the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was
first discovered in the early 1980s. it has spread more rapidly than most
diseases in recent history, having social cultural, economical and moral
repercussions on individuals, families, communities and threatening foundations
of entire societies. Over the years, the link between HIV/AIDS and impoverishment
has grown and even stronger as the diseases is infecting and affecting the
younger generation who are the productive labour force of every economy. HIV
infections are spreading quickly within the youth populations and what happens
to them today will determine what becomes of them and their communities in the
future. An estimated 11.8 million young people aged 15-24 are living with
HIV/AIDS, and half of all new infections, over 6,000 daily, are occurring among
them. (The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, UNAIDS, 2003.)
The World Health
Organization (WHO) has identified HIV/AIDS as one of the world’s first health
emergency and an urgent threat to global public health. It reveals that
HIV/AIDS is the worlds’ second widely spread communicable disease and the sixth
common cause of death globally. (WHO, 2004) In international circles in recent
years, it has received as much attention as other pressing global questions
like war, terrorism, environmental degradation among others. According UNAIDS
(2006), about 65 million people have been affected and more than 25 million
people have died of AIDS related causes. The situation is made even gloomier,
with 29 million new infections estimated by 2020 if prevention and treatment
are not accelerated.
The United Nations
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) report for 2006, states that several
countries report success in reducing HIV infections.
However, the overall
infection rate is on the rise. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the highest
affected region. The WHO (2004) has classified HIV/AIDS as the main cause of
adult mortality in Africa. It affirms that about 3.1% and 3.9% of all male and
female deaths respectively are caused by AIDS related diseases. In the same
vein, UNAIDS (2006) fact sheet states that 63% of the global HIV/AIDS infections
are in Africa, South of the Sahara with the prevalence rate highest among the
age group 15-49 years. It is for which reason African heads of states declared
AIDS as a state of emergency in the continent during the African Development
Forum (2000).
UNAIDS/WHO (2007) estimate
the number of persons living with HIV worldwide is 33.2 million. Deaths related
to HIV/AIDS declined from 2.2 million in 2005 to 2.0 million in 2007. However,
the number of new infections rose to 2.5 times higher than the number of
infected persons receiving treatment (UNAIDS, 2008). Rather than being
complacent, this underscores the need for countries to increase their
commitment to prevention efforts. This is necessary if this pandemic must start
reversal in order to meet the 2015 target by the MDGs and to save humanity from
an impending scourge.
The WHO (2005) observes that
young people in Nigeria are highly affected. Indeed, a third of Nigerians
infected are 18-35 years of age. This age group constitutes all Nigerians who
are in secondary school, high school, University, vocational schools,
professional schools and those in active service. Mbanya, Martyn & Paul
(2008) stated the socio-economic impact
of the disease is profound with growing numbers of sections being affected, and
high hospital bed occupancy rampant. They add that this results in
overstretched medical personnel and extra burden to the health and education
sectors where school teachers are reported to be unproductive on several counts
and morbidity increasing from opportunistic infections. This of course, poses a
major challenge to the socio
-economic development of the
country considering the fact that the age group below 18 makes up about 42% of
the entire population (Population Reference Bureau, 2009).
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