FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF INFANT FEEDING OPTIONS AMONG HIV POSITIVE MOTHERS ATTENDING HEALTH FACILITIES
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FACTORS
INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF INFANT FEEDING OPTIONS AMONG HIV POSITIVE MOTHERS
ATTENDING HEALTH FACILITIES
ABSTRACT
The survey
study was conducted on factors influencing the choice of infant feeding options
among HIV positive mothers attending health facilities in Ogoja, Cross River
State. The purpose was to investigate factors influencing the choice of infant
feeding options among HIV positive mothers in Ogoja, Cross River State. Four
objectives and four research questions were used to guide the study.
Literatures were reviewed. The population for the study was all HIV positive
mothers attending health facilities in Ogoja from January-December 2011-2013,
with a total of 136 registered HIV positive mothers. There was no sampling
because the total population was included in the study. The instrument for data
collection was questionnaire with two sections. Section A had 8 items on
socio-demographic characteristics. Section B was made up of 10 items rating
scale of Yes and No. Data was analyzed using chi-square statistics. Result
revealed that marital status (x2= 20.924, p<.00), religious status (x2 =
14.972, p<.05), maternal health condition (x2=12.436, p<.02), limited
time to breastfeed baby because of work (x2 =11.065, p<.04) and baby’s
refusal to take breast milk (x2 = 18.318, p<.00) significantly influenced
HIV positive mothers’ choice of infant feeding options. Major findings reveal
that marital status, religious status, maternal health condition, limited time
to breast feed baby because of work and baby’s refusal to take breast milk had
significant influence on infant feeding options. Based on the findings it was
recommended that HIV positive mothers should be sensitized by HIV/PMTCT
counselors with necessary knowledge for the choice of infant feeding options.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Human
immune-deficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic, health problem with symptoms
appearing anytime from several months to years. HIV is found among all known
populations of the world, including the embryonic population (unborn babies)
and the breastfed babies. World Health Organization, (WHO, 2011) revealed that
more than eleven million people worldwide had died of AIDS, while another 3.6
million of people are already infected with HIV, with a daily infection rate of
over 16,000 people globally. It was observed by Anyebe, Whiskey, Ajayi, Garba,
Ochigbo and Lawal (2011) that by 2002, 42 million people had been infected with
HIV/AIDS globally, 38.6 million of them were adults of which 19.2 million were
women. More than 3 million children below the age of 15 were infected worldwide
within the same period with about 5 million new infections being recorded
yearly. Nearly two thirds of these are in Sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, an
estimated 600,000 children are infected vertically (in utero) each year, while
in places where women do not breastfeed, most of the transmission occurs at the
time of labor and delivery, (Okon, 2011).
In Nigeria
where most women breastfeed, there is an additional risk. About 800,000 were
infected out of 5.8 million in 2003 were infants and children of which 90% of
these got infected through their mothers, occurring at three levels;
antepartum, intrapartum and breastfeeding (Okon, 2011). There is no cure for
HIV currently available, but prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT)
appears to be the most important intervention (Family Health International,
2004). American international health alliance (AIHA, 2008) in Ajayi,
Hellandendu and Odekunle (2011) posited that ‘’ther e is no cure for HIV, but
prevention of vertical transmission of HIV to include voluntary counseling and
testing, (VCT) , ante-retroviral therapy, elective caesarean section;
replacement of infant feed or modified breastfeeding, and restrictive use of
invasive procedure such as artificial rupture of membrane, (ARM),episiotomies
and cleansing of the birth canal with a microbite during labor and delivery.
Sadoh,
Adeniran and Abhulimhen-Iyohas (2008) opined that exclusive breastfeeding is
the ideal practice among HIV infected mothers in the first six months of life,
as recommended currently, followed by replacement feeding (any formula food
rather than breast milk)
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