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EVALUATION
OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF NURSES TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON NURSING CARE
DELIVERY
ABSTRACT
The purpose
of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of nurses to
information technology on nursing care delivery in Enugu. This write up studied
knowledge of computer facilities, the level of knowledge of these computer
facilities, whether the mentioned computer facilities are used in various
places where they work. The relevance of information technology in nursing care
delivery and factors hindering the use of ICT in nursing care delivery in Enugu
were also studied. Sources of data for this study include library and
questionnaire responses. Five health institutions were used, three government,
one mission and one privately owned hospitals in Enugu metropolis.
Questionnaires were distributed to 100 respondents from the five hospitals.
Data collected were analyzed in tables and charts using percentage method or
technique. From the research findings it was observed that the awareness about
information technology and commonly used computer facilities such as internet
and internet communications are high (96% and 94% respectively). The level of
knowledge of these commonly used computer facilities among nurses in Enugu are
still very low. In internet and internet communications, only 23% and 12%
respectively had excellent knowledge while nobody (0%) had excellent knowledge
in telenusring. Most of these computer facilities that were assessed are
available and are in-use in the five hospitals that were used for this study.
The rate of usage of GSM handsets and desktop/Laptop computers were 75% and 70%
respectively while 67% and 62% used computer projectors and blood glucose
analyzers. Among the five hospitals that were used for this assessment, non of
them was found without these computer facilities. The relevance of information
technology in nursing care delivery was assessed. Eighty five and seventy four
percent (85% and 74%) of the respondents agreed that ICT aids student training,
research and also is a good source of information on new diseases and
treatment. Concerning faster diagnosis of diseases and easy/faster management
of patients, 52% and 56% agreed that computer was an aid to such function. Some
factors hindering the use of ICT in nursing care delivery were also identified.
Such factors were inaccessibility to ICT facilities (71%), ineffective use of
ICT at work place (69%), high cost of hard and software (65%). I hereby
recommend continuing education for nurses in the area of ICT. This should be
included in the curriculum for training nurses. Nurses should also make
personal efforts to acquire ICT knowledge. All nurses should, therefore, be
computer literate in order to embrace the information revolution that is going
on now in the world.
CHAPTER ONE
1.10INTRODUCTION
According to
advanced learners dictionary of current English 5th edition, information technology
is the study or use of electronic processes for storing information and making
it available (IT). Information technology has become a vital component in
health care delivery.
Flynn (1998)
defines information technology or system as an information system that provides
procedures to record and make available
information, concerning part of an organization, to assist organization
related activities.
According to
Davis (1999), information technology refers to sending, processing and
receiving information through electronic means or computer. It is a flow of
some sort of information carrying commodity in some network.
There are no
age limit or position limit in studying information technology. In October,
1999, the Guardian newspaper reported that the British prime Minister Tony
Blair took his first tentative step into Information technology. He admitted
his incompetence in computer usage. He then attended a two-hour computer
training session in a shopping center to be instructed in word-processing, e-mail
and the internet (Guardian 25 October 1999). There is need for everybody to
become computer literate. This is important because the world has now entered
the information age.
1.11RATIONALE/THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
This study
employs the diffusion of innovation theory. It is a socio-psychological theory
propounded by clerk Rogers. Diffusion of innovation theory is concerned with
the manner in which a new technological ideas, artifact or technique, or a new
use of old one, migrates from creation to use. Obviously, this theory has been
useful in studies relating to information and communication technology,
especially when it concerns the adoption and use of new technologies.
The
Diffusion of innovations theory will provide this study with useful framework
in explaining how far the Nurses in Enugu have acquired the knowledge of
information technology and their attitude towards the application in Nursing
care delivery.
1.12STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Science has
since reduced the world to a global village. This is the part and function of
information technology. It is a common knowledge that information and
communication technology (ICT) has come to facilitate and ease interactivity in
health care delivery, Nursing diagnoses and treatment of ailments and disease,
precision and accuracy in laboratory experiments, medical records keeping and
drug preparation, monitoring of patient’s condition among others. Information
and communication technology (ICT) is, therefore, vital for efficient discharge
of duties in contemporary health institutions. What this means is that Nurses
in the contemporary health and health related sectors must be ICT literate and
compliance.
Nurses
should be familiar with relevant ICT applications in health care delivery.
1.13PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The
motivation behind this study are
i. To determine the current levels of
knowledge of information and communication technology among Nurses in Enugu.
ii. To determine Nurses understanding of
the relevance of ICT to Nursing care delivery.
iii. To ascertain the level of usage of ICT
among Nurses in Enugu.
iv. To find out the factors that are
hindering the use of ICT among Nurses in Enugu metropolis.
1.14RESEARCH
QUESTIONS/HYPOTHESES
The
following research questions will guide this study.
1) What is the level of knowledge of
computer facilities among Nurses in Enugu metropolis.
2) What is the attitude of Nurses about
the relevance of information technology to Nursing care delivery?
3) What are the current levels of usage
of information technology among Nurses in Enugu metropolis?
4) What are the factors militating
against Nurses in using information communication technology in Enugu
metropolis?
1.15SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The world
has witnessed an information revolution, a combination of massive increase in
the world’s inventory of information and technical development and means to
cope with it. Information technology is the name given to the means of
processing and transmitting information.
Information
technology is a subject that is very wide. There is hardly no sector of the
economy that information technology is not being applied. For example in
manufacturing, computers are used to do product design, product packaging. In
engineering, computers are used to do different types of designs. In remote
sensing and earth observation, satellite is a computer based technology in
orbit for data transmission to the ground for interpretation. The world of
commerce is far more automated than the actual production of goods. Banking,
transportation and distribution of goods are being more transformed by
electronics. The world of commerce is information intensive. It is required
that information be made available on goods, their prices, their utility and
the modern means for paying for those goods. Microcomputers are now widely used
in hospitals and medical practice, medical research and medical decision-making. The new technology offers
new hope to the deaf, blind and the disabled. Diagnostic tests and laboratory
analysis are quicker and easier.
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