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INNOVATIVE
TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING BUSINESS EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
The study
attempted to examine innovative techniques of teaching and learning business
education in secondary school. The purpose of the study was specifically top examine
the extent of availability, functionality and utilization of innovative
techniques in secondary schools. The population used for the study was made up
of the school principle and Business Education Teachers of five Schools where
business education is offered at both Junior and senior secondary school level.
All the schools used are public secondary schools. A total of 50 respondents
where used. Three research questions where formulated to guide the study. For
the analysis of the data analyzed, the following finding made were that
innovative techniques needed for teaching business education at the secondary
school are grossly inadequate in secondary schools in Enugu North Local
Government Area of Enugu State. The few available ones are obsolete and not
functional. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that the
government:- federal, State and Local Government should make available basic
resources for teaching and learning business education in secondary school
where business course are offered so as to make the acquisition of business
skill more permanent on the learners.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the study
In order to have a describable change
in the learner, good teaching must take place and to bring about good teaching,
the teacher should be able to convey their message in the simplest, most
convincing and practical way to the learner using innovative techniques.
These
innovative techniques are the instructional materials used in teaching and
learning. The instructional to make teaching easy and practical for the
learners to understand the subject.
These
objects according to Umoh-Mac and Nkume (1998) are regarded as instructional
materials. They enhance real and meaningful teaching and learning. Appropriate
instructional materials are imperative for implementing good quality education
programmes. Unless adequate and quantity facilities and superlative human
resources are available, quality of the programme will be reduced and
learning-will be deterred.
Material for
teaching business subject range from the common textbooks to more sophisticated machines, chalkboards
real ,objects or their representatives which the teacher use to communicate
effectively with the students. These materials make learning more permanent and
develop continuity of thought among the learner. Teaching materials and aids
for the acquisition of required skill for business Education should be on
regular supply to school where Business Education subject are taught.
According to
Umoh-Mac Nkume (1998) many researches on the availability of available resource
carried out in Nigeria, in schools offering Business Education programme often
revealed the presence of inadequate training facilities in the schools.
They further
stressed that even the few available ones are not being maintained. There is
poor storage facilities for them and so they become non-functional.
Obi and
Akume (2001) warned that any school that any school that desire to offer modern
Business Education programme must include in its programme, a thorough training
in the use of thee appliances.
Also to give
such training the school must be equipped with appliances with which it intend
to give instructions. To take the point further, they stated that for the
teaching process to effectively taken place generally, both human and materials
resources need to be provided adequately.
No matter
how good the teaching staff are, they may not be able to function effectively
and effectively without appropriate teaching materials, equipment and adequate
infrastructural, like workshop, conducive classrooms and laboratories,
especially when is over loaded with lesson and practical courses.
A
well-planned programme, they say, will fail if at implementation stage the
necessary instructments are not supplied.
The world at
large is going technological and if Nigeria schools must keep abreast with the
global technological advancement than the training must be borne in mind and
they are adequate supply, proper maintenance and judicious usage of the
materials.
The question
to ask is, who provides these resources materials to schools? Eze (1991) in his
contribution, opines that instructional materials produced commercially play a
key role in functional education in our schools that when these are understand,
our next alternative is in improvisation, provide the improvised equally
delivers the goods.
Fortunately,
some sources of improvisation are available where around us by nature. Human
re-arrangement of nature only requires our initiative and creative to tap them
fully towards the attainment and mastery of some skills.
Nigeria must
realize that finding pragmatic solution to the problems be setting the growth
and development, Business Education in the country should not be left to a few
person but rather it should be seen as a collective, philanthropists, corporate
bodies, government agencies churches and other religion organization etc. must
join hands and regard the task of solving these problem as one that must be
done. When this is solved, Business Education will be accorded its pride of
place in the nation’s education system
as salvation of modern civilization.
1.2
Statement of problem
Inspire of
the federal government emphasis on self-reliance through acquired, still
suffers some defects such as inadequate supply or provision of resource
materials, poor maintenance and storage of existing ones.
Oren (1998)
observed that, being a skill-oriented subject, Business Education requires the
use of machine and other equipment for effective teaching to take place. It is
therefore, exceptive teaching to take place. It is therefore expected that the
federal government through the ministries of education federal, state and local
government will see to the provision or availability of theses necessary
resources for teaching and learning of these requirement skills.
According to
Oyedele (1995) citied in Atakps (2001) Nigeria children and youths are being
educated more in accordance with yesterday’s world rather than in preparation
for tomorrow’s living. This is in agreement with what Umoh-Mac and Nkume (op.
cit) said about the obsolete equipment found in Nigeria schools.
Emphasizing
the need for the provision of instructional materials in schools, Obi and Akume
opine that, Business Eduication subject being a skilled area of study cannot be
learnt by the student sitting and folding their arms and nodding their heads.
To give this training, the schools must be equipped with the necessary
materials on which it intends to give, but rather it appears that most school
that offer Business Education subject are not adequately equipped for the
instructions. Resource materials are means of making teaching and learning
process easy, more meaningful and understandable, Uzoegwu (2001).
These
materials are not just textbooks, but it include machine, chalkboard and real
objects instructional aids on the other hands are those that teacher prepare
mainly to help him/her pass on the message easier and more effectively. The
include cardboard drawings, real objects brought into the class for learners to
physically see and touch (visual aids).
With the
foregoing, the aim or purpose of study is to evaluate the availability
functionality and utilization of resource materials use for teaching and
learning Business Education subjects in Enugu North Local Government
1.3
Objective of the study.
The main
purpose of the study is to examine the innovative techniques of teaching and
learning business education in secondary school. The specific objectives of
this research work includes the following;
1. To examine the innovative techniques for
teaching and learning Business Education subject in Secondary Schools.
2. To find out the extent to which the
innovative techniques are functional.
3. The extent of utilization of the innovative
techniques by Business Education Teachers.
1.4
Significance of the study
The study strives to find out the
extent to which resource are supplied, managed and utilized in secondary
schools in Enugu State. The finding of this study will enable students and
teachers to identify the problem(s) which the total lack or inadequate supply
of resources bring on the teaching and learning process. The presence of
resource materials in the teaching and learning process makes learning more
practical and more understandable to the student.
Resource
materials reduce from the teacher the burden of explaining for a very long time
for the student to understand. The study will also give the teacher insight
into what is needed in order to manage or utilized the available resource to
enhance effective teaching.
This study
further intended to sensitize curriculum planners and implementations and
educational policy maker on the need to put more emphasis on utilization and
improvisation of resource materials.
Finally,
since the study encourages the use of resource materials for more practical
teaching and learning process, the graduate of Business Education like other
areas will be people who are well prepared for their job performance and this
will ease the employers problem of on-job training of workers thus enhancing
production.
1.5 Limitation
of the study
Research of
this type would have been deemed fit to cover the Enugu state, the whole state,
a region of the country. The researchers as a result of finance and duration of
research have decided to limit the research to some selected schools in Enugu
North Local Government Area.
The schools
are
1. City Girls Secondary School, Enugu.
2. Metropolitan Girl Secondary School, Enugu
3. Queen’s School Enugu.
4. Government Technical college, Enugu
5. Government Secondary Schools, Enugu.
1.6 Research
Question
The
following research questions were formulated to guide the study.
1. What are the innovative techniques
necessary for teaching and learning of Business subject in the secondary school
in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State?
2. How functional are the available resource
used for teaching and learning of business subject in the Secondary school in
Enugu North Local government Area of Enugu State?
3. What is the extent of utilization of the
innovative techniques for teaching and learning business subject in the school
in Enugu North Local government Area of Enugu State
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