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THE USE OF
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING OF BUSINESS STUDY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
There has
been increasing interest in introducing innovations such as Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) into the teaching and learning of business
studies especially when the Nigeria Education and Research Development Council
(NERDC) introduced a modern curriculum into the school system. Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) involves the use of computers and other
electronic devices to process information. ICT stands for information &
communication technologies. ICT refers to technologies that provide access to
information through communications. It is similar to information technology
(IT). “But primarily focuses on communication technologies. This includes the
internet, wireless network, cell phones & other communications medium”. In the
past few decades information & communication technologies have provided to
society with vast array of a new communication capabilities. “People can
communicate in real time with others in different countries using technologies
such as instant messaging, voice over IP and video conferencing, social
networking websites like face book allow users from all over the world to
remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis”. Modern information
communication technologies have created a global village in which people
communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. “For
this reason ICT is often studied in the context of how modern communication
technologies affected society” (tech factor, January 04, 2010). ICT stands for
information & communications technology is an umbrella term that includes
any communication device, encompassing radio, television, cell phones, computer
and network hardware, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various
services & applicate with them such as video conferencing and distance
learning. “ICT are often spoken of a particular context such as ICTs in
education, health care, or libraries” (Margaret Rouse, September, 2005). “ICT
(information and communications technology or technologies) is an umbrella term
that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio,
television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software,
satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications
associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning”. ICT
(information and communications technology - or technologies) is an umbrella
term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing:
radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software,
satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications
associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning. “ICTs
are often spoken of in a particular context, such as ICTs in education, health
care, or libraries” (Abe & Adu, 2007).
Nworgu (2008) stated that ICT refers to a whole range of facilities or
technologies involved in information processing and electronic communication to
be handled with skills and expertise, for effective achievement and realization
of its potentials in Education. In the view of Valasidou (2008), ICT is an
innovative instrumental tool that enables the educators to modify the teaching
and learning processes in order to increase students’ interest. Brown (2009) explained
that ICT is considered very crucial for the achievement of various educational
objectives in terms of expanding the citizenry access to education at all
levels and improving the quality of teaching and learning process. In the
explanation of Daniels (2002), the use of Information and Communication
Technologies in the educative process has been divided into two broad
categories: ICTs for education and ICTs in education. ICTs for education refers
to the development of ICT specifically for teaching learning purposes, while
the ICTs in education involves the adoption of general components of ICTs in
the teaching learning process. Effiong (2005) emphasized that ICT use in school
curriculum depends highly on the teachers who will use ICT to teach the students.
This requires that teachers should have the ability to incorporate ICT into
teaching and learning. Okereke (2008) noted that, application of ICT to
teaching and learning makes instructions more effective and productive. In this
regard ICT is viewed as innovations that enable business studies teachers
facilitate teaching and learning of business studies. Business studies is an
academic subject that helps students to be exposed to realities of business
practices. The subject is designed to introduce students to the foundational
knowledge of the principles and practices of business. Okute (2008) opined that
business studies is the fundamental subject which has to do with acquisition,
conservation and expedition of wealth. Osuala (2004) stated that business
studies help the students to make informed decisions in the everyday business
of living. Obi (2005), explained that business studies prepares students for
business career or enables those in that career become more efficient and
advance to higher business positions. Computer appreciation entails the general
understanding of the basic building blocks of the computer systems, literacy in
operating the computer and using the window interface called window explore and
other similar interfaces. Azuka (2000) explained that keyboarding should be
emphasized along with the traditional typing; the author identified closer
relationship between them likewise word processing, data processing and the use
of the internet. Word processing is the application of computer for
manipulating text-based documents; the electronic equivalent of paper, pen,
typewriter, eraser, and most likely, dictionary and thesaurus (Encarta, 2009).
According to Agomuo (2005), word processing can be likened to a typewriter
inside a computer in that it incorporates all the duties of a typewriter which
basically are: the ability to type and produce text on paper, store and
manipulate text in documents and get printed copies. But when using computers,
it deviates a little from the common typewriter. There is the enter key
replacing the carrier movement and there are commands (simple ones) for
paragraph, indent, spacing and so on. In addition, one can: store the document
for future reference or use; make corrections to the documents very
conveniently; format your documents to a wide variety of specification;
automate some functions such as page numbering, generation of indexes; check
the spelling of text in your document for correctness; and have greater control
5 over page layout attribute such as margin and so on. Other area where
computer is most useful in daily activities is in the use of the internet and
data processing.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The internet
is a computer-based global information system (Comer, 2009). It is composed of
many interconnected computer networks. Each network may link tens, hundreds, or
even thousands of computers, enabling them to share information. The Internet
has made it possible for people all over the world to communicate with one
another effectively, inexpensively and to have free access to useful data for
further processing. Data processing deals with the analysis and organization of
data by the repeated use of one or more computer programs (Kogge, 2009). Data
processing is used extensively in business, and in all areas in which computers
are used such as education, to process data educationally by the teachers and
other education administrators. The researcher observed that business studies
teachers in the state have some difficulties in teaching the ICT component of
the curriculum; therefore, they need improvement.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of the study is to ascertain the use of ICT in teaching of business
study in junior secondary schools; but for the successful completion of the
study, the researcher intend to achieve the following sub-objectives:
i) To the effect of information
communication technology in teaching of business study
ii) To investigate the impact of ICT on
the academic performance of business studies student
iii) To examine if there is any
relationship between the traditional approach of teaching business studies and
the use of ICT
iv) To ascertain the role of ICT in
enhancing student academic performance in business studies.
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
To aid the
completion of the study, the researcher formulate the following hypotheses;
H0:
information communication technology does not have any significant effect on
the teaching of business study in junior secondary schools.
H1:
information communication technology does have a significant effect on the
teaching of business studies in junior secondary schools.
H0: ICT does
not play any role in enhancing student academic performance in business study
H2: ICT does
play a significant role in enhancing student academic performance in business
study in junior secondary school.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Learning new
skills such as ICT and transferring skills already learnt by the teachers is
the key to quality education in a rapidly changing technological environment.
The findings of this study will be beneficial to business studies teachers,
junior secondary school students, school administrators, government, and
curriculum planners at teachers’ preparation stage and fellow researchers with
keen interest in ICT skills needed by business studies teachers for effective
and quality instructional delivery. Business studies teachers will find the
study useful. The findings of the study will enable the teachers understand ICT
skills they needed and their importance. They will have firsthand information
on ICT skills they are required to acquire in order to face the challenges of
knowledge update through seminars, workshops and conferences. Business studies
teachers will know the vacuums of ICT skills they need to fill up in their
academic lives and timely too, to remain relevant in their profession. Also,
this will help to further equip them for better service delivery in teaching
and coordinating the conduct of the students during teaching and learning
process. Junior secondary school students will also benefit from the result of
this study. The study will help them to be better informed on the relevant ICT
skills they need to acquire. They will also know the level of skills they currently
possess and seek to fill any gap/vacuum created.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of
the study covers the use of information and communication technology in
teaching of business study in junior secondary schools in Nigeria. But in the
cause of the study the researcher encounters some constrain that limited the
scope of the study;
a)
AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the
researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
b) TIME: The
time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the
researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the
study.
c)
Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it
difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the
activities.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ICT
Information
and communication technology (ICT) is an extended term for information
technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communications. The term ICT
is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks
with computer networks through a single cabling or link system.
Teaching
Definition
of teaching for English Language Learners the job or profession of a teacher something
that is taught the ideas and beliefs that are taught by a person, religion, etc
Business
study
Business
Studies is a broad subject in the Social Sciences, allowing the in-depth study
of a range of specialties such as accountancy, finance, organization and
marketing
LEARNING:
Learning is the act of acquiring new or modifying and reinforcing existing
knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences which may lead to a
potential.
BUSINESS
EDUCATION: Business education involves teaching students the fundamentals,
theories, and processes of business. Education in this field occurs at several
levels, including secondary education and higher education or university
education.
JUNIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL: Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Ministry of
Education. Local authorities take ... Students spend six years in Secondary
School that is 3 years of JSS (Junior Secondary School), and 3 years of SSS
(Senior Secondary School).
1.8
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This
research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
Chapter one
is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the
study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses,
significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of
terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical
framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the
study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and
presentation of finding. Chapter five
gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.
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