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THE
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGENTS IN NIGERIA PORTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
Nigeria is
indeed one of the greatest maritime nations of the world; this is confirmed by
both the local maritime operators and foreign maritime operators. Ports are
supposed to be security zones and policed as such to prevents crimes mainly
theft, smuggling among sabotage attacks, stowaway.
In olden
days, theft as merely limited to petty pilferage and broaching of cartons by
Dockers only tilling their pockets that would neither attract attention nor
cause appreciable loss to the cargo consignee. The crime latter escalated to
piracy onboard vessels at anchorage. Crews were violently robbed and cargo stolen,
with some measure of success in checking piracy at anchorage, attention shifted
to the ports proper.
There are
many security agents both conventiona1l recognized law enforcement agents and
the fadeless ones purporting to be government officials seeing to the general
security of our ports These notwithstanding the ports are being easily
accessible to a multitude of hoodlums now popularly known as “what rats” and
syndicates of other malefactors actors who have made the ports their homes.
They
vandalize the lighting system to enable them carry out their natural and
notorious activities.
Any degree
of crimes can now be perpetrated by these hoodlums acting in cohorts with some
of the security agents, and port official. Crewmembers going ashore are
sometimes violently attacked and robbed within and outside the ports.
Cargo theft
has grown from breaking any types of package within the ports to complete
disappearance of container out of the ports.
Cargos are
being successfully cleared from the port by spurious owners. Ships are boarded
by unauthorized persons who steal both cargoes and ship property in1uding those
relate to safety. What a criminal act! Vehicular cargoes are more vulnerable to
plunderage because of the attention they attract. They are loaded with some
goods that are not made parks where they normally await clearing. They are
securely locked and then keys are handed to security officials for safety. But
most of these vehicles with or without undeclared goods are mysteriously opened
and their valuable parts are stolen
Clearing of
cargoes is a process which the shippers, freight forwarded and consignees
thinks is as difficult as the head of the camel having to pass through the eye
of1the needle The customs long room is being made too “long” for clearing
agents Problems with all department involved in the clearing start from the
usual indifferences to work, the officials thinking that they are doing the
agents favour The agents must “co-operate” with the officials, otherwise their
entries will either be unnecessarily delayed further or completely lost in the
labyrinth of bureaucracy Having survived the voracity these official and the
goods released the clearing agent face the cast ordeal of having to “settle”
all other security agents and officials even with authentic release documents
Some of the security men still go outside the ports to intercept and tort the
consignee for “settlement” Coupled with factors like high port tariffs, port insecurity
is now causing Nigerian ports serious loss of clientele to neighbouring ports.
Lome and Cotonou for example, although in charter parties and ordinary
contracts of affreightment where carriage of goods by sea Act 1971 does no
apply to the operating bills of lading. Ship owners can exclude liability for
loss of or damage to cargo arising from piratical acts generally the Act (COGSA
“71”) does not provide such that Nigeria has joined the club of port
stigmatized as dangerous in insurance circle. Consequently, ship owners and
shippers pays higher premiums for ships and cargoes, a burden that is
ultimately passed to the public consumers.
If Nigeria
must grow both politically and economically, there are needs for an efficient
and effective security system for safety of cargoes id ship including the
crews. There should be both the activities of the appropriate authority and the
private sectors to ensure that security at the port be maintained.
1.2
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The purpose
of this study includes:
1. To
highlight the importance of security agents in ports.
2. To evaluate the performances of security
agents in ports
3. To focus attention on factors influencing
the efficiency and effectiveness of security agents in Nigeria ports.
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