THE EFFECT DATING AND PREMARITAL SEX ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF URBAN AND RURAL STUDENTS OF AKWA IBOM STATE
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THE EFFECT
DATING AND PREMARITAL SEX ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF URBAN AND RURAL STUDENTS
OF AKWA IBOM STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Dating and
pre-marital sex-raise endless questions, it is a practice that influence by the
time, period, social conditions, construct, biology, cultural no and
institutional structure that surrounds people. Dating is an activity that most
college aged students are interested or are engaged in.
Dating
according to Longman English Dictionary of Contemporary English defines dating
to be a romantic relationship with someone. Collins Dictionary also defines
dating as engagement or appointment between the opposite sex. Pre-marital sex
is then having sexual intercourse with the opposite sex before marriage. It is
an exceptional young person who has not had sexual intercourse while still a
teenager. Mache (1981) the young passion for love and peer-pressure are so sex,
is viewed by youth as fun and that when you really like someone, it is only
natural to want to be intimate. Watch Tower Bible and tract Society of
Pennsylvania by Mache (1981) some may even say that having sex proved your
man-hood or womanhood. Not wanting to be viewed as odd one may thus fall under
pressure to experience sexual relationship contrary to popular opinion, not all
youth are in a that falling in love is as its nature a substitute for personal
accomplishment.
Psychologists,
from (1968), proposed that there are two purpose to a person falling in love.
The first step is from the need to escape, the second is from internal
discontent, grows the longing and tendency to fall in love with another person.
On the other hand, distinguished between welfare while immature love explicit
the beloved in other to satisfy his/her needs.
In the last
few decades, dating was informal, daters requires no formal commitment to each
other but now the peers institute the rules of dating Rehelle (1999) stated
that the popular part time on dates were dancing and it was a group but now it
has become couple oriented. Cars also have a great impact on dating and
premarital sex. Having cars now enable couples to have more privacy and
intimacy away from the glaring eyes of onlookers from 1960’s till the present
day, there have been some drastic changes. In dating feminism had a big impact
on dating and premarital sex, woman are now empowered more than ever themselves
not just as a wife but also a human being. The advent of birth control methods
increases the rate of premarital sex. The average age at first intercourse
ranges between 13 and 14, Allenburger and Moone (1992) for males and females,
Juhasz, Kaufman and Mever, (1996) reported that 80% of males and 61% of females
have engaged in dating and premarital sex is a practices that is lighted again
and again in the media. Sociologists pointed out that the idea of a romantic
love did not ever exist prior to industrial revolution of 18th and 19th
century. After the industrial revolution, people did not depend on each other
as much to survive when idea of romantic love first appear. Dating at a young
age is characterized by youth of nowadays, now a days as fun and is done for a
companionship rather than a serious activity for the purpose of finding a life
long mate.
The media
have a direct influence on dating habit and views about the opposite sex. Male
controlled media have enhanced an environment in which to define woman as sex
object Ollenburger and Moore (1992), movies and television serve to create and
maintained social beliefs about the sex. There are many biological factors that
helps determined ones dating habits, biological make-up, as well as chemical
actions plays a major role in who one is attracted to. There isn’t much
information on how they work, but hormones are known to be a leading factor in
establishing sex drive. A study of love attractiveness and sex drive carried
out by Wilson and Nins (1976) pointed out that “Sex drives are chemical release
by the gonalds and other glands circulates through the blood back to brain,
they influence our biological readiness for production attractiveness to
potential partners and receptiveness to them. Another chemical that affect
dating and pre-marital sex is a aphrodisiacs. It enhance sexual desire, some of
these substances are Caviar, Oysters, BV Vitamins E, and Chocolate. All
unfunded claim”. The timing of sexual initiations and subsequent sensual
behaviour is influence by many factors such as;
Parental
Influence
Marital and
child bearing of parents acting as a role model, including experience of
divorce, living arrangement and behaviour towards the opposite sex have been
identified as being impacted (Ostrov et al., 1985) Girls from single parent
families tend to become sexually active, however, it is not dear if lack of
supervision of behaviour modeling is at the core.
Parental
Supervision
Parental
supervision has impact on adolescent girls but not so much on a male child.
Fingeman (1989) non authoritarian parenting has been found to be associated
with non virginity I n youth as a result of permissiveness and no parental
support. Parental attitude and view. Moore et al., (1991) found that parents
who strong traditional views about pre-marital sex and communicated some to
their children were the only group able to infleucen their children’s sexual
behaviour.
Relationship
with the family: Lack of attentive and nurturing parent is linked to early
sexual activity and unplanned teenage pregnancies peer association is closely
linked with low academic performance; Ohanession and Crackett (1993) suggested
that academic achievement by girls predicted postponed sexual activity.
Educational
goals have been identified as impacting on sexual activity with high achievers
having lower rate of dating and pre-marital sex, amongst male and female
students of urban and rural areas.
However,
educational factors are often mediated by other influence such as coming from a
well to do family and having plans for the future peer association has been
indicated as one of the strongest predictors of adolescent sexual behaviour
Diablasio and Benda (1999) stated that youth who do not engage in sex, while
those that are sexually active tend to believe that their friends are sexually
active as well. Every one has a system a sexual sensors consisting of
specialized nerves ending that responds to sexual stimulus all over the body,
sexual arousal or excitement may begin with sex related though, felling arousal
or touching or even smell.
The purpose
of sex education therefore is to provide students with adequate knowledge of
their own physical, mental and emotional maturation process as related to sex.
The knowledge of sex education would eliminate fear and anxiety to individual
sexual adjustment and therefore help him/her to develop an understanding
attitude sexual promiscuity, teenage regency; normal abortion and school
dropout. There are all effect of dating and premarital sex which originated
from lack of sex education which subsequently affect academic performance,
there’s need for counseling which would produce behaviour change.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
There is a
link between sexual activities and academic performance, as the world changes,
so do our lives, this is true of dating and pre-marital sex; one can observe
the drastic changes in dating, rituals and pre-marital sex.
A
sexologist, Tiefer (1995) stated that sex is not a natural act, Wilson and Nias
(1976) also stated that sex hormones are increase when the brain is confronted
by sexual arousing stimuli and decrease when confronted with fear, anxiety,
stress. This is probably because hormone secreted is controlled by the
pituitary gland which has connections to the hypothalam us’ in the brain,
pheromones is another chemical that plays important role dating.
These
hormones help to regulate and control female menstrual cycle, which in turn
affected ovulation, emotion, performances and hormonal level in the body. When
these happen, they become seemingly comfortable to express their feelings toward
each other, if the youths are allowed to interact romantically without
supervision by parents, it will certainly affect their academic performance.
Because of
the possible out-come, from it premarital sex and dating evolving from the
youth, failure to discuss that issue of sex and sexuality education with our
children, leads to them dating secretly because of the natural tendency to do
so coupe with environmental factors. These secrecy and taboos surrounding the
issue of sex leads to high incidence of teenage sexual tragedies, dating and
pre-marital sex involve the emotional, physical, social, psychological and
educational, aspect of the individual health wise, it may lead to STDs,
HIV/AIDs, some student use the academic for love talks, outing and seeking for
the seemingly happiness of each other. This type of relationship will certainly
affect academic performance thereby leading dropping out from school.
This
unfortunate situation abounds among urban and rural secondary schools students
and certainly needs counseling intervention to redress such ugly trend. Against
this background, the study investigates effects of dating and pre-marital sex
on academic performances of urban and rural students.
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of the study was to investigate the effect of dating and pre-marital sex on
academic performance of students in urban and rural secondary school
specifically; the study has the following objectives:
1. To
examine the influence of sex education on pre-marital sex of students.
2. To assess
the difference in pre-marital sex between urban and rural students.
3. To also
determine the relationship between pre-marital sex and academic performance of
students.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
following research questions guides the study:
1. Does sex
education have any influence on pre-marital sex?
2. Does any
difference exist between urban and rural students in their pre-marital sex
activities.
3. Does any
relationship exist between pre-marital sex and academic performance of
students.
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
The
following hypotheses were formulated go guide the study:
1. Sex
education does not significantly influence marital sex among students.
2. Urban
students do not differ significantly from rural students in their pre-marital
sex activities.
3. There is
no significant relationship between pre-marital sex and academic performance
students.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is
expected that the study will be beneficial to parent s, students, educators,
government and others in general. The study suggests that “all information and
help regarding sex education should be given to students as it relates to the
provision of factual knowledge about male/female reproductive structures,
functions, structural charged and the process of reproduction.
Secondly,
the study will help the Government consider the inductive sexs education in the
school curriculum.
Thirdly, it
is a known fact that no one can stop young people from having sex, hence the
need for comprehensive sex education as this will provide opportunity for
questions explorations and assessment of their sexual attitudes.
Lastly, it
will help young people to develop interpersonal skills in communication
decision making, assertiveness and peer refusal skills as well as the ability
to create a satisfying relationship in adolescent and adulthood thereby
preventing teenage sexual tragedies.
1.7
DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study
was delimited to the effect of pre-marital sex academic performance of urban
rural secondary school. Students in Ikot Abasi Local Government Area. It does
not include students in tertiary or primary institution the generation the
study therefore be for the secondary school students only.
1.8
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The only
limitation to the study was time factor to have reached out to all Secondary
Schools in Ikot Abasi Local Government Area.
1.9
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
1. It is
assumed that pre-marital sexs has a lot of influence on academic performance of
students.
2. Parents
assume that young people walking together always may lead to pre-marital sexs.
3. It is
generally assumed that others similar to oneself will be more pivotal as a
source of influence.
1.10
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Dating: To
have a romantic relationship with someone.
•
Pre-marital sex: Having sexual intercourse before marriage.
• Sex/sexual
intercourse: The activity in which male and female join their sexual organs to
create a body or for pleasure.
•
Assertiveness: Behaving in a confident way so that people notice you.
•
Assessment: a process in which you make a judgment about a person or situation.
•
Exploration: An examination or discussion of something to find out more about
it.
• Sexuality:
The things that people do and feel that are connected with their desire or
ability to have sexs.
• Exploit:
To treat someone unfairly in order to get or an advantage of yourself.
• Industrial
revolution: The period especially in the 18th to 19th centuries when machines
were invented and the first factory established.
• Feminism:
The belief that woman should haves the same rights and opportunities as men.
• Ritual:
Something that is don in fixed and expected was but without real meaning or
sincerity.
• Sexology:
A person who studies sexual behaviour especially among humans.
• Romantic:
Showing strong feeling of love and like; doing things that are connected with
love.
•
Obligation: A moral or legal duty to do something.
• Cradle: To
hold something gentle in your hands or arms.
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