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EFFECT OF
SCHOOL DROPOUT RATE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
School
dropout in its simplest meaning is the untimely withdrawal from school. These
students who withdraw from school prematurely end up no obtaining any
certificate of graduation. The issue of school dropout is a global problem
confronting the education industry round the world. Researchers like, Mohsin,
Aslam and Bashir (2004); De Cos (2005); Bridgeland, Dilulio, and Morison
(2006), and Oghuvbu (2008) have since buttressed this fact.
The issue of
school dropout in Nigeria has been with us for a very long time. Fafunwa (1983)
noted that dropout is one of the most serious problems that have continued to
bedevil our educational system since independence in 1960 from the colonial
administration. Even before our independence, the problem of dropout has
already established its grip on our educational system. This can be buttressed
with the remark made by Nuffied foundations in 1953 that in the West coast of
Africa, a considerable proportion of student’s dropout of school each year.
Dropout
among the student was a common phenomenon in all the secondary schools in
Education district IV but at varying degrees the dropout rate was higher among
boys (Male) than girls (female). As such, the society-based dropout factors
were discovered to have had the greatest influence on students’ dropout of
school within the period (Okedara, 2011).
However, it
is uninteresting to observe that the government that has invested a large chunk
of its limited resources to increase the supply of education especially at the
secondary school level, allows any child who want to drop-out of school to do
so at will (Nwakobi, 2010).
The National
Policy on Education (2010) stated that the school system will be on the 6-3-3-4
plan. It opined that the system will be flexible enough to accommodate both
formal and non- formal education and will allow leaving and coming back to the
school system. This is because the curriculum is diversified to cater for those
who wish to leave the school system at certain levels and those who wish to
come back to school to complete their course of study.
Hence, the
rate at which secondary school students are observed to be leaving school at
will to engage in diverse socio- economic activities calls for the review of
the policy statement (Adesina, 2010). This is with a view to saving scarce
productive resources which would have been put into alternative use from being
wasted on those who will not like to complete their school programmes.
These are
the school dropouts, who this study intends to establish the rate, and
magnitudes of a=occurrence in secondary schools in Education district IV. It is
the opinion of most parents and school administrators that boys withdraw from
schools go into buying and selling while the girls migrate into urban centres
in search of daily bread (Callaway, 2011).
Nwadiani
(2012) is not happy with parents whose preference to menial jobs brings quick
monies to solve domestic problems. It is also important to note that besides
students dropping from the system, there are those who are observed to dropout
within the system. These are students that wilfully leave one public school and
enter or from one public school to a private school (Nwakobi, 2013).
What is not
clear however is the rate, magnitude, and factors responsible for students
drop-out in the school system. The problem is on the rate and magnitude of
dropout among secondary school students in Education district IV and the
factors responsible for this ugly trend in the school system. The study will
therefore strive to find answers to the following questions to clarify the above
issues.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Education,
which is the right of every child, is a mirage in the lives of some Nigeria
students because some of the girls are forced into early marriage as from age
12 while the boys are force to go the farm by their parent (Ocholi, 2002).
Ocholi further observed that the regression in basic education is reflected in
the fact that the net enrolment rate is very low, with a high dropout rate.
Poverty has been known to force most parents to withdraw their children from
school.
UNICEF
(2004) report indicates that some 121 million children are out of school for
various and 65 million of them are girls. With the educational rights of 65
million girls unmet, something should be done to ensure that they complete
their education. The same report indicates that Nigeria is one of the 25
developing countries of the world with low enrolment rates for girls, gender
gap of more than 10% in primary education and with more than 1 million girls
out of school.
This is a
problem that requires emergency action if the nation is to advance technically,
considering the multiplier and intergenerational benefits derivable in
education in Nigeria. It is the aim of this study, therefore, to find out the
cause and effect of school dropout in Education district IV and, consequently,
based on the findings proffer counselling strategies that could be adopted in
order to check the incidence of drop out from school in the state.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The study
was guided by the following objectives:
i. To investigate the effect of school
dropout rate on academic performance of junior secondary school students.
ii. To explore the effects of parental
socio-economic status on school dropout rate.
iii. To examine the relationship between
absenteeism and student’s academic achievement.
iv. To find out if difficulties in
subject matter is responsible for school dropout rate in Education District IV.
1.4 Research Questions
The study
was guided by the following research questions:
i. What is the effect of school
dropout rate on academic performance of junior secondary school students?
ii. Does parental socio-economic status
have any effect on school dropout rate?
iii. What is the relationship between
absenteeism and student’s academic achievement?
iv. To what extent will difficulties in
subject matter affect school dropout rate in Education District IV?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The
following formulated hypotheses will be tested in the course of the study;
1. Ho:
There is no significant relationship between school dropout rate
and academic performance of junior
secondary school students.
2. Ho:
There is no significant relationship between parental
socio-economic status and school
dropout rate.
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