THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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THE USE OF
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF BUSINESS
EDUCATION IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The
educational sector in Nigeria is in continuous change with the advancement in
the level of technology and introduction of teaching aids.
The
effectiveness of the use of instructional materials for the teaching and
learning of business education can only be seen in the level of academic
performance of students in business education.
Instructional
materials play a very important role in the teaching and learning process. It
enhances the memory level of the students. According to (NIC hulls, 2003; Raw
2006) state that at this time that education has spread wide and entirely, oral
teaching cannot be the key to successful pedagogy; therefore the teacher has to
use instructional materials to make teaching and learning process interesting.
According to
Abdullahhi (2010), stated that instructional materials are tools locally made
or imported that help to facilitate the teaching/learning process. In that same
vein according to Obanga (2005) view them as materials things which are use to
composed ported that could make tremendous enhancement of intellectual use
impact the instructional materials.
The use of
instructional materials can enhance the learning achievement. Cronbach (2009)
states the important elements of behaviour that provides the base for learning
theory situation which consists of all the objects, persons and symbols in the
learning environment.
According to
Umoh-Mac Nkume (2000) many researches on the availability of available resource
carried out in Nigeria, in schools offering Business Education programme often
revealed the presence of inadequate training facilities in the schools.
They further
stressed that even the few available ones are not being maintained. There are
poor storage facilities for them and so they become non-functional.
Obi and
Akume (2001) warned that any school that any school that desire to offer modern
Business Education programme must include in its programme, a thorough training
in the use of thee appliances.
Also to give
such training the school must be equipped with appliances with which it intends
to give instructions. To take the point further, they stated that for the
teaching process to effectively taken place generally, both human and materials
resources need to be provided adequately.
It is to
this regard that the study wishes to examine the use of instructional materials
for effective teaching and learning of business education in junior secondary
schools in Oyigbo River State
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Inspire of
the federal government emphasis on self-reliance through acquired, still
suffers some defects such as inadequate supply or provision of resource
materials, poor maintenance and storage of existing ones.
Oren (1998)
observed that, being a skill-oriented subject, Business Education requires the
use of machine and other equipment for effective teaching to take place. It is
therefore, exceptive teaching to take place. It is therefore expected that the
federal government through the ministries of education federal, state and local
government will see to the provision or availability of theses necessary
resources for teaching and learning of these requirement skills.
According to
Oyedele (2000) citied in Atakps (2001) Nigeria children and youths are being
educated more in accordance with yesterday’s world rather than in preparation
for tomorrow’s living. This is in agreement with what Umoh-Mac and Nkume (2000)
said about the obsolete equipment found in Nigeria schools.
Emphasizing
the need for the provision of instructional materials in schools, Obi and Akume
opine that, Business Education subject being a skilled area of study cannot be
learnt by the student sitting and folding their arms and nodding their heads.
To give this training, the schools must be equipped with the necessary
materials on which it intends to give, but rather it appears that most school
that offer Business Education subject are not adequately equipped for the
instructions. Resource materials are means of making teaching and learning
process easy, more meaningful and understandable, Uzoegwu (2001).
1.3 AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The main aim
of the research work is to examine the use of instructional materials for
effective teaching and learning of business education in junior secondary
schools. Other specific objectives of the study include:
1. To examine the effect of the use of
instructional materials in teaching on the academic achievement in business
education
2. To determine the factors affecting the
performance of student in business education
3. To determine the relationship between the use
of instructional materials in teaching and students academic performance in
business education
4. To discuss on the effect of management
decision on the availability of instructional materials for teaching and
learning business education
5. To proffer solution to the above stated
problems
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The study
came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated
objectives. The specific research questions for the study are stated below as
follows:
1. What is the effect of the use of
instructional materials in teaching on the academic achievement in business
education in most junior secondary schools in Oyigbo River state?
2. What are the factors affecting the
performance of student in business education?
3. Is there any the relationship between the use
of instructional materials in teaching and students academic performance in
business education?
4. What is the effect of management decision on
the availability of instructional materials for teaching and learning business
education?
1.5
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: the use
of instructional materials does not influence effective teaching and learning
of business education in junior secondary school
H1: the use
of instructional materials influences effective teaching and learning of
business education in junior secondary school
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study on
the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of
business education in junior secondary schools will be of immense benefit to
the entire River state and other researchers that wishes to carryout similar
research on the research topic as it will discuss the effect of the use of
instructional materials in teaching and learning of business education in
junior secondary schools. The study will also discuss the factors affecting the
availability of instructional materials in most junior secondary schools in
Oyigbo LGA. River state.
1.7 SCOPE OF
STUDY
The study on
the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning business
education in Oyigbo River state will cover the relationship between the use of
instructional materials and students academic achievement in business education
in junior secondary schools.
1.8
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Financial
constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher
in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the
process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time
constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other
academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the
research work
1.9
DEFINITION OF TERMS
BUSINESS
EDUCATION: involves teaching students the fundamentals, theories, and processes
of business
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS: refer to the human and non-human materials and facilities that can
be used to ease, encourage, improved and promote teaching and learning
activities
REFERENCES
Raw N. M,
(2006) instruction to educational technology, Johns Lod publisher ltd, Lagos
NIC hulls,
(2003) the place of instructional materials in curriculum development; “education
and development
Ajayi, K.
(2010) Job satisfaction among secondary schools teacher in Nigeria; “African
Journal of education research” vol. 3. No. ½ April
Abdullahhi,
N.O,and Umoh-Mac Nkume (2010). Teaching tools teaching in the secondary school
new York: Macmillan publishing co. Inc
Cronbach,
L.D (2009). The use of instructional materials in the teaching of science” (ed)
in fundamental of education technology Unicross
Obi &
Akume, (2001). Availability and Adequacy of educational facilities for the
Implementation of the Senior Secondary School Clothing and Textile Curriculum
in Southern Zone of Ghana. Retrieved on 17th July 2007 from
http://www.moe.edu.sg/it education/edtech/papers/d1.pdf .
Oren S.T,
(1998). Teaching secondary schools essay writing with African native culture.
World council for curriculum and instruction: region II forum. 1, (1) 76-83.
Oyedele,
T.I, (2000). Instructional media and technologies for learning (7thEd.).
Columbus, OH: Prentice Hall.
Atakps, N.K,
(2001). Nigeria private sector and education for all: a report on the private
sector round-table. Ibadan: Spectrum Book Ltd.
Ekong, A. O.
& Uzoegwu, I. J, (2001). Selection and utilization of instructional
materials: implications for vocational and technical education in Nigeria. In
Anyakoha, E. U. and Osuala, E. C. (Ed.). Vocational/technical education and
technological growth. Nigeria Vocational association publication, Department of
Vocational Teacher Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 131-145
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