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IMPACT OF
AGE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF STUDENTS IN INTERNAL EXAMINATION
ABSTRACT
The hue and
cry about the falling standard of Education in Nigeria has raised questions to
the possiblecauses. One of such was this study of impact of age on academic
performance. The aim was to collect data on age and academic performance in
internal examination and to ascertain if there is any impact or relationship
between the duo. The alternative hypothesis which stated that there is
relationship between age and academic was accepted. The study population was
students of senior secondary schools in Ibiono Ibom. The sample size was 2000.
It was forms that age is not a prerequisite to make a student better of
academically provided concrete operational stage as stated by piaget is
reached. Perception is a yardstick for better academically. It was also revealed
that academic performance is a natural endowment.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
· BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
There has
been lots of hues and cry on the falling standard of Education in the country.
Lots of factors have been pin-pointed as being of direct impact on the
performance of students. Such include the language of communication the child
background (socio-economic), the environment and the availability of physical
learning infrastructures.
In a bid to
know how a child learns, piaget, Bruner, skinner, etc came up with different
schools of thought and theories of learning in piagets work, he specified the
level of mental activities a child can do at different age brackets.
Thus:
1. Sensori – Motor stage (0 – 2 years)
2. Preoperational stage – (2 – 7 years)
3. Concrete operational stage – ( 7 – 11 years)
4. Formal operational stage – (12 – 15 years)
cited by NTI (2002, p.20)
Textbook on
Educational Psychology
This simply
tells that activities which a child can perform relate to age. This study
therefore wants to determine whether the current decadents is due to underage
of the students in respect to their classes.
In Ibiono
Ibom, the number of students who do pass mathematics and other logical subjects
are usually few. There is improvement in terms of facilities but the trend of
performance has not reciprocate the improvement. We do expect to determine the
impact of age on their performance assuming other factors are met.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There are
lots of problems bothering the development of Education in Nigeria. Some are
latent while others are so outstanding to be noticed. Whether latent or
outstanding, they have impacts on our educational system.
Cognitive development
theory of Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) believes that children’s learning abilities
were determined prior to their birth. That is hereditary is the sole
determinant (NTI 2000) ED p.118-122, Pshy
Arnold
Gessel said that understanding the cognitive development (Intelligence) of a
learner is by understanding the growth process of the individual. This emphasis
is on age.
Therefore,
this study is to investigate the impacts of age on the academic performance of
students in Ibiono Ibom.
· PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This work
aims at:
· Collecting data on academic
performance and ages of students in schools in Ibiono Ibom Local Government
Area.
· Comparing the performance of students
of the same age with the same class and among schools
· Comparing the academic performance of
students of similar age in difference classes
· Making inference on the relationship
or no relationship of age to academic performance of students.
· Making recommendations to stakeholders
in Educational systems
· RESEARCH QUESTION
1. Does age affect/relate with academic
performance?
2. Do students’ ages at entry into secondary
schools in consonance with the 13 years stated by Government?
3. Could academic performance of students
improve if age of entry into secondary school is raised to 15 years?
4. Do older students perform better than
younger ones in the same class?
· HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
1a: Ho: The Null hypothesis of this study states
that there is no positive impact of age on the academic performance.
1. Hi: The Alternative Hypothesis: There is
positive impact of age on academic performance
· SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study
seeks to make findings into the poor performance of students in schools given
the huge financial investment by the various stakeholders.
Other
researchers have worked on cognitive ability development and factors affecting
it but little if any has been done on impact of age. Considering the fact that
children at time resume nursery schools at age one.
The findings
become road map to making useful recommendations and arriving at tentative
factual statements.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study
covers schools in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area. Students in senior
secondary section were used. The number of schools studied were those in Ibiono
Eastern and Central as permitted by time and finance. Both sexes were
considered.
Cumulative
academic performance and progressive performance were assessed. For students
who stayed for a term, their scores and grades in terminal examination were
used and the rating were as specified by WAEC.
The academic
performances were studied using the students and of term results and or and of
year results.
1.8 DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS
1. Academic Performance: The cognitive ability
of students in terms of passing performing well in continuous assessment /
terminal examination.
2. Impact: Effect which is exerted on something
by some other agent. It could be positive or negative effect.
3. Continuous assessment: Periodic means of
evaluating progress in academic work. It forms part of the end of term’s work.
4. Age: This is a measure of how old a student
is. It is measured in years.
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