INFLUENCE OF HOME BACKGROUND ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AFIKPO NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE
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INFLUENCE OF
HOME BACKGROUND ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AFIKPO
NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE
ABSTRACT
This
research work examined the influence of home background on the academic
performance of students in secondary schools in Afikpo North Local Government
Area of Ebonyi State. In carrying out this research, a total of one hundred and
fifty questionnaires were prepared and distributed to randomly selected
students. Research questions were proposed from which the researcher derived
the items in the questionnaires. The findings showed that a good and well
maintained home background free from obstacles has a positive effect on
students’ academic achievement. Home has been found to be the bedrock of all
educational activities and when good, becomes an asset to students’ educational
attainment and a powerful factor, that sustain effective educational
achievement. From the research findings also, one can equally discover the
importance of home background, which will reflect in the positive educational
attainment.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
In Nigeria
or African as a whole, the home is the starting point of education or
socialization of every human being. The home comprises of the family and its
various members. The home is a social institution and an important unit or
structure which holds people together in the society in or order to fulfill
certain needs of humanity. It is the first contact spot where the child finds
himself or herself after birth.
The home
being a primary social institution shapes the child into a human being. The
home remains a prominent feature of every society. The society molds the home
into functional forms and it in turn contributes greatly to the success of the
society to which they belong. The home prepares future citizens, nurtures and
maintains adults who engage in the daily businesses of the society.
The home is
a training and rearing base for every child and how a home or family handles
her own offspring’s has a lot of impact on the child’s way of life as well as
his or her academic performance. It has an effect on their behavioral patterns.
This is because the home determines its members’ quality of life and by so
doing becomes a determinant factor in assessment of its members either for good
or for bad (NTI, 2007).
It is now
assumed that the experiences which children gain during the course of their
upbringing at home contribute in a large extent to their socialization and
personality development (Alumode, 2002). The type of experience a child gains
during the course of his or her upbringing at home is determined by the type of
home which he finds himself. For instance, a child that comes from a home where
both parents are highly educated will always enjoy better educational
opportunities. This is because such parents are already aware of the value of
education in the society and will not hesitate to provide the best educational
opportunities for their children.
Secondly,
family size is another factor which constitutes an influence on the academic
performance of students in school. In a home where the children are so
numerous, their parents may find it difficult to cater for all of them in terms
of feeding, access to better educational institution and provision of academic
requirements. Most at times, we find out that these children may not be given
the opportunity of early schooling which comes inform of Nursery or
kindergarten that help children acquire some insight into what is obtained in
primary and post-primary education, and by not doing so, it may affect their
academic performance in future. The children that have normal family because
the lesser the family size, the lesser the family problems.
Another
factor that may influence students’ academic performance in school is their
family income status: The income status of parents determines the
sustainability of their wards. Parents that enjoy high income status provide
most of their children’s academic needs such as all recommended textbooks and
other learning materials. They ensure that their children study in a well
equipped secondary schools with qualified teachers and in good learning
conditions.
Those
parents with low income status feel reluctant when asked to pay fees for their
children. This is not because they do not know the value of education, or that
they don’t want the best educational opportunities for their children but
because they are financially handicapped and cannot afford to give their
children quality education. The issue of broken homes is another serious factor
in the family that could negatively influence students’ academic performance in
our society today.
A child that
comes from a broken home finds it difficult to cope with school activities. He
or she tacks concentration and he may be weighed down by problems at home, and
by so doing suffers academic failure most of the times. It has been discovered
that several factors militate against our academic achievement although few
investigations have be carried out on this issue previously.
Ezeuwa (1981)
found that numerous factors within the home environment influence the students’
academic performance in schools. It may be necessary to argue the fact that
some students having parents with high socio-economic background perform well
academically. This is owing to the fact that they enjoy better stimulating
environment, whereas some schools of thought argued that students whose parents
operate in a low occupation and income status may equally perform better
academically.
On the
contrary, most students of illiterate parents, having known that their parents
are academically poor will struggle to improve thereby changing the academic
standard and quality of life of their home. The above facts give impetus to the
researcher to investigate whether actually the mentioned factors in the home
background influence students academic performances.
PROJECT
MATERIAL ON INFLUENCE OF HOME BACKGROUND ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AFIKPO NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
Poor
academic performance is a big problem and a great challenge to the students,
teachers, parents and the entire society. Academic failure is one of the
problems teachers are contending with in spite of their effort and experiences
in the classroom. Some students respond positively when an assignment is given
to be done at home while others respond negatively. Nwakpa (2005) notes that
when students were asked to bring materials from home which was intended to
facilitate learning and in turn their performances, many responded positively
yet some would not because of how some parents react to issues pertaining to
their children’s educational pursuits.
It remains a
fact that today most of the parents in the society are much interested in the
pursuance of money than carrying out their parental responsibilities on their
children. Ogundele (2005) wrote that parents adopt a rather carefree attitude
towards the socialization and education of their children. Such parents are at
times reluctant in providing the basic educational needs of their children
which in turn affects academic performances in school.
Parental
occupation and income status equally appear as factors that determine how
parents approach their children’s academic requirement. Some students encounter
the problem of underfeeding i.e. not feeding properly before coming to school.
This makes such students feel uncomfortable, weak and lazy in the classroom and
in such conditions, they may find it so difficult to concentrate on their
lessons, they become truants or stay in at home to search of something to eat.
Therefore, the problem of this study is; what are the effects of home on the
academic performance of secondary school students in Afikpo North Local
Government Area of Ebonyi State?
PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY
The main
purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of home background on the
academic achievement of secondary school students in Afikpo North Local
Government Area of Ebonyl State. Specifically, the researcher aims to find out:
Whether
occupational status of parents influence the academic performance of their
students in secondary schools.
Whether
parents’ educational background influences academic performance of secondary
school students in Afikpo North Local Government Area.
Whether
level of family income influences the academic performance of secondary school
students.
Whether
level of harmony in the home influences the academic performance of secondary
school students.
Whether
family size influences the academic performances of secondary school students.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This study
will be of immense value and assistance to understand the main effects of home
background on the academic performance of students. It is hoped that the
outcome of this study will be of great benefit to the followings individuals:
Curriculum
planners.
The
educational administrations
The
teachers.
The parents.
The
students.
The general
public.
The
curriculum planners: The findings of this study will equip the curriculum
planners with basic information on how home background contributes to the
academic performance of students in secondary schools and by so doing, the
planner will take cognizance of that while planning the curriculum. The
planners will make necessary provisions so as to carry everybody along having
in mind that the students come from different home backgrounds.
The
educational administrations: The out come of this study will help the
educational administrators to administer effectively by putting into
consideration the students from parents who operate in low socio-economic
status because most often they find it uneasy to cope with the academic
requirement of their children.
The
teachers: The finding will be of immense value and assistance to the teachers.
The teachers will understand the negative and positive effects of background on
the academic achievement of students and they necessary information that will
help them handle these students so as to effectively attain the goals and
objectives of secondary school education.
The parents:
The outcome of this study will help the parents to make adjustment on how they
handle issues concerning their children’s pursuit and also lay solid
educational foundation for their children at home. Since the home is the major
determinant of living assessment of her children either for good or for bad.
This study will also help the parents who have been showing reluctant attitude
towards their children’s schooling to sit tip and struggle to provide all
educational needs of their children.
The
students: The students will benefit from this study because this study having
exposed the major sources of their academic failures have contributed in making
the students be up and doing and striving to subdue any influence their home
may has on them. The students having known the causes of their academic failure
will make effort to find permanent solution to their problem. They will try as
much as they can do to correct that impression which people had that students
from high socio-economic status.
The general
public: The study is important because the findings may shed more light on the
life of the general public thereby making them aware of how their various home
backgrounds contributes to the academic achievement of the students.
Summarily,
the findings of this study will be vital for the curriculum planners,
educational administrators for the appropriate planning of the school
curriculum and programmes and for them to map out progrmmes and procedures to
carry along victims of negative influence of home and socio economic
background. The study will equally make those at home understand that their
attitude towards their children contribute to an extent to their academic
achievement and more so to provide a useful guide to those that will engage in
similar research work in future.
SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
This study
is mainly designed to examine the influence of home background as it affects
the academic performance of students in Afikpo North Local Government Area of
Ebonyl State.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
following are research questions were formulated to guide the study.
How does
parental occupation influence their students’ academic performance in school?
How does
parents’ educational background affect students’ academic performance?
How does
family income influence students’ academic performance?
How does
broken home influence the academic achievement of students in the secondary
school?
How does
family size influence the performance of students in secondary schools?
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